Fibrous granular structure

When the surface of the purified HeLa cell nucleus is observed by AFM (Fig. 5a), relatively smooth surface is seen, although many small projections and cavities can be identified (Fig. 5b). When the isolated nuclei are successively subjected to the detergent treatment and high-salt treatment on the glass substrate to remove the nuclear membrane and nucleoplasm, fibrous structures appear (Fig. 5c, d). A close examination by AFM classified the existence of granular structures ( 80 nm width)... 

The physical or petrographic components of coal are defined or described in various ways. In one system, which depends on microscopic observation, the principal components are called exinite, vitrinite, micrinite, and fusinite. Transparency of these in a thin section decreases in that order, whereas reflectance from polished surface increases in the same order. Vitrinite, the major component of most coals, occurs in bands or strands and is usually uniform in appearance, though sometimes shows cell structure exinite consists of the remains of plant spores, pollen, and cuticles with characteristic shape micrinite occurs in very fine granular form or massive structureless, irregular form fusinite shows characteristic fibrous, cellular structure. Semifusinite is transitional between vitrinite and fusinite. On a macroscopic scale, vitrain and... 

Figure 13 Structure of the Scleractinia skeletons (a) Septal growing zone showing the centers of calcification . Diploastrea. (b) Polished and etched section showing the median line of centers of calcification and the outer fibrous layer. Diploastrea. (c) Detail of centers of calcification with their granular structure, and the growth lines in the fibers. Polished and etched section. Lobophyllia. (d) Polished and etched section showing the regular growth lines. Platygyra...

The electrodeposition process investigated for the deposition of PMT occurs in several steps [623-626] (1) nucleation, (2) first monolayer, (3) fibrous film (layer by layer), (4) granular structure. 

Structure. Normal granular materials such as coal, ores and rocks can be effectively crushed employing the normal forces of compression, impact, and so on. With fibrous materials a tearing action is required. 

Shape of granules essentially affects the properties of granular metal. Concerning the nanocomposite structure, it is possible to outline fibrous and laminate composites together with grain nanocomposites, in which shape of granules is close to spherical. In fibrous composites, sizes of inclusions in... 

The structure of the filtration layer may be of various kinds, depending on the material and method of its treatment. Fibrous materials, granular layer and porous materials are used. Woven or bonded textile materials are used most frequently. Depending on the thickness of the filtration fibre, they are used for the retention of submicrometer to micrometer diameters of particles, the fibre thickness being in the range 2 to 10 /im. The filtration rates in the filtration layer are low, varying for different types between 0.01 and 1 m s ... 

Fibrous activated carbons, activated carbon fibers, have been prepared recently and developed a new field of applications. They have a number of advantages over granular activated carbons. The principal merit to prepare activated carbon in fibrous morphology is its particular pore structure and a large physical surface area. Differences between ACFs and granular activated carbons are listed in Table 9. 

The mechanism of action of glucanases is strongly influenced by the shape and structure of the active site. exo-Enzymes normally have a pocket or a tunnel-shaped active site, which forces the enzyme to attack a chain end of the polysaccharide substrate. " The active site of endo-enzymes has the shape of a cleft. e polymeric backbone (provided that the active site can accommodate the sequence of tire polysaccharide). Furthermore, some glucanases also contain a binding domain, which enables reversible sorption onto (and, thus, hydrolysis of) nondissolved polysaccharides, such as granular starch and fibrous cellulose. 

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is a synthetic modification of the natural polymer, cellulose, fibrous or granular, free-flowing powder, odorless, and tasteless. The representation of the molecular structure of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose can be seen in Figure 31.3. 

Fibrous structural media containing GAC are used extensively as filters. Compared to a granular bed such as GAC, a non-woven fibrous structure minimizes channeling, allows significant filter design variations, and can be manufactured by low cost paper manufacture methods. 

Despite the complexity of internal cell structure, which comprises the containing membrane, gelatinous interior cytoplasm, internal granular bodies, fibrous skeleton, and nuclei, each cell may be treated approximately as a spherical viscoelastic shell containing a viscous fluid. The model of an outer shell with an inner fluid describes very well the deformation of red blood cells and also of artificial vesicles made by sonicating phospholipids in water. The shell dictates the equilibrium while the fluid contents dictate the rate of approach to equilibrium, A red cell needs three numbers to describe its response time of 0.1 s an area compressibility k— 10 mNm , a shear modulus 10 Nm"", and a viscosity 10 Pa s. ... 

PANI film displays big plates as shown in Figure 4a). As Mn was added in the deposition bath, hybrid films with granular (Figure 4 b and 4 c) and fibrous (Figure 4 d-f) structures are obtained. 

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