Fibrotic lung

Finally, fibroblasts respond to chemotoxins derived from other cells, macrophages and lymphocytes, that could increase fibrous protein production or collagenase activity. For example, some fibrotic lungs show a 2.5-fold increase in collagen (Madri and Furthmayr, 1980). 

Toxicology. Asbestos causes chronic fibrotic lung disease (asbestosis), pleural plaques and thickening, and cancers of the lungs, pleura, and peritoneum. 

Respiratory toxicity Upper respiratory system (nose, pharynx, larynx, and trachea) and the lower respiratory system (bronchi, bronchioles, and lung alveoli) Pulmonary irritation Asthma/bronchitis Emphysema Allergic alveolitis Fibrotic lung disease Lung cancer... 

Overview of Health Effects. Studies in humans and animals indicate that inhalation of asbestos fibers may lead to fibrotic lung disease (asbestosis), pleural plaques and thickening, and cancer of the lung, the pleura, and the peritoneum. It may also increase the risk of cancer at other sites, but the evidence is not strong. Significant effects on other tissues have not been detected. A number of researchers have found that the occurrence of asbestosis and lung cancer correlates with cumulative exposure (that is, the product of concentration [PCM fibers/mL] multiplied by years of exposure). Therefore, human exposures are expressed below as PCM f-yr/mL. Animal data are provided in terms of exposure level (PCM f/mL) and duration, and the cumulative exposure can be found simply by calculating the product. However, due to differences in clearance rates and lifespan as well as other differences, cumulative doses in animals are not expected to be directly comparable to cumulative doses in humans. Studies that provide reliable dose-... 

One of the many growth factors found in fibrotic lungs is tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a). TNF-a is a powerful indueer of epithelial and mesenehymal cell proliferation which has been suggested as a eentral mediator of fibrotic lung disease. A reeent study has demonstrated that genetieally-altered mice without TNF-a reeeptor fail to develop fibro-proliferative lesions in response to asbestos exposure (Liu et al. 

Some investigators have proposed that amphibole asbestos fibers, such as tremolite asbestos, are more potent than chrysotile fibers in inducing fibrotic lung disease and lung cancer (McDonald 1998 McDonald and McDonald 1997 McDonald et al. 1999 Mossman et al. 1990). Others propose that differences in the... 

A 60-year-old man developed angioedema after taking two doses of rofecoxib 12.5 mg 18 and 12 hours before (133). Despite intensive treatment he developed pulmonary hemorrhagic edema and died a day later. He had fibrotic lung disease, which may have predisposed him to the lethal event. 

Kawanami. O., Ferrans, V.J., Fulmer, J.D. and Crystal, R.G. (1985). Ultrastructure of pulmonary mast cells in patients with fibrotic lung disorders. Lab. Invest. 40, 717-734. 

Fibrotic Lung Disease in Humans 211 3.3.4.1 Platelet-derived ... 

Bateman, E.D., Turner-Warwick, M. and Adelmann-Grill, B.C. (1981). Immunohistochemical study of collagen types in human foetal and fibrotic lung disease. Thorax 36, 645-653. 

Vignaud, J.M., AUam, M., Martinet, N., Pech, M., Plenat, F. and Martinet, Y. (1991). Presence of platelet-derived growth fector in normal and fibrotic lung is specifically associated with interstitial macroph es, while both interstitial macrophages and alveolar epithelial cells express the c-sis proto-oncogene. Am. J. Respir. Cell. Mol. Biol. 5, 531-538. 

Smith RE, Strieter RM, Zhang K, Phan SH, Standiford TJ, et al. 1995. A role for C-C chemokines in fibrotic lung disease. J. Leukocyte Biol. 57 782-87... 

Keerthisingam CB, Jenkins RG, Harrison NK, Hemandez-Rodriguez NA, Booth H, et al. 2001. Cyclooxygenase-2 deficiency results in a loss of the anti-proliferative response to transforming growth factor-f i in human fibrotic lung fibroblasts and promotes bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Hot. J. Pathol. 158 1411— 22... 

No single fibrous reinforcement embodies all the desirable characteristics of asbestos flbers. Combinations of organic and inorganic flbers are used in friction materials to achieve the desired effect. Given the past experience with asbestos, end-users of fibrous reinforcements have to insure that the materials do not cause cancer, fibrotic lung disease, or pulmonary dysfunction. 

Classification of the Causes of the Major Interstitial Fibrotic Lung... 

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