Grading systems

Other fiber classification schemes have been devised for chrysotile fibers, but historically the QS grade system has been used as a reference other classification schemes usually have correspondence scales for conversion to the QS values. Amosite can be classified according to the QS grade system, but crocidohte requkes a different scheme (mainly due to the harshness of these fibers). 

In solid form, the natural rubber is graded according to the content of dirt remaining from the precipitation of latex at the plantation. Eight basic NR types have been traditionally recognized internationally. Only the so-called ribbed smoked sheets and the pale crepes are normally used for adhesives. The predominant grade system, the Standard Malaysian Rubber system, has been used since 1965. 

To maximize thermal stability at conventional running temperatures (350°F) EnBA-based systems are chosen [20]. This polymer is much more thermally stable than EVA. Open time is longer than EVA, so special resins are not required for this purpose, even in freezer-grade systems. 

With the HW40(s)/HW50(s)/Superose 6 (prep grade) system, even viscous solutions of polysaccharides with molecular weights exceeding 1 X 10 [g/M] can be separated without problems. Compared to the Sephacryl systems, additional advantages are increased reproducibility and fast ( 2 hr) separation. 

The quality grading system relates to uniformity of distribution across the tower cross-section, where 100% quality indicates ideal uniform distribution. Distributors are designed to suit the system, particularly the packing type and size. 

The section describes the first lADC standardized system for dull grading natural diamond, PDC, and TSP (thermally stable polycrystalline diamond) bits, otherwise known as fixed cutter bits [55]. The new system is consistent with the recently revised dull grading system for roller bits. It describes the condition of the cutting structure, the primary (with location) and secondary dull characteristics, the gage condition, and the reason the bit was pulled. 

The format of the dull grading system is shown in Figure 4-165. For completeness, Figure 4-165 contains all of the codes needed to dull grade fixed cutter bits and roller bits. Those codes which apply to fixed cutter bits are in boldface. 

Clark, D. A., et al., Application of the new lADC dull grading system for fixed cutter bits, SPE/IADC 1645, Proc. 1987 SPE/IADC Drilling Conference, New Orleans, March 15-18, 1987, pp. 851-858. 

Hayes, D. F., Bast, R Desch, C. E., et al. A tumor marker utility grading system (TMUGS) A framework to evaluate clinical utility of tumor markers. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 818, 1456-1466... 

American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association evidence grading system. 

American Stroke Association Evidence Grading System. 

Grading systems, for flax fiber, 77 617 Gradual failures, 26 981 Graduate students, role in facilitating research partnerships, 24 383 Graft copolymerization, 20 327. See also Graft polymerization Graft copolymers, 7 650-654 20 391 compatibilization efficiency of, 20 338 formation of, 23 395 in polymer blends, 20 324—325 in reactive compatibilization,... 

Based on four key elements (study design, study quality, consistency and directness) the system grades the evidences for each main outcome into four categories (high, moderate, low and very low) dependent on the quality of the evidences. Limitations in study quality, important inconsistency of results, or uncertainty about the directness of the evidence can lower the grade of evidence. Essentials in process, criteria and grading in the GRADE system is presented in Box 3.5. 

Box 3.5 Essentials in process, criteria and grading in the GRADE system (GRADE 2004)... 

Hagan (1959) first suggested a method for assessing IM irritation. His approach, however, did not include a grading system for evaluation of the irritation, and the method used the sacrospinalis muscles, which are somewhat difficult to dissect or repeatedly inject. 

Animals will be examined for signs of erythema and edema and the responses scored at 24,48, and 72 h after the initial test article application according to the Draize reaction grading system previously presented in this Chapter. 

Metsaars, W.P., Hauw, J.J., van Welsem, M.E., Duyckaerts, C. (2003) A grading system of Alzheimer disease lesions in neocortical areas. NeurobioL Aging, 24, 563-572. 

The number of grades varies from system to system, but in general the three-grade system (well differentiated, moderately differentiated, and poorly differentiated, or undifferentiated or grades I, II and III, respectively) has proved to be the most reproducible and the best suited to prediction of survival. 

Mixtures prepared with one-sized sands performed equal to those prepared with the dense-graded systems. 

Possibly the most important, and least understood, aspect of spray-dried flavorings manufacture is the role the wall material plays in this process. The polymers utilized for this product are controlled by FDA constraints, cost, finished product labelling considerations and compatability, functionality and historical usage. Given these considerations, polymers selected for the retention and maintenance of labile flavors and aromas in industrial spray dried, food grade systems include both carbohydrate (hydrolyzed starches, "lipophilic starches, plant exudates) and protein. The importance of these wall materials should not be underestimated. 

FIGURE 5.3. The Gleason Grading System for prostatic carcinoma. 

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