Fiber linter

Paper is nearly pure cellulose which is a polymer of (3-glucopyranose, the glucose molecules (numbering up to 3000 in the short cotton fibers, linters used for filter paper) being linked by (i-glucoside bonds with... 

The relatively long fiber lengths (about 1 in. (25.4 mm) or longer) on the cottonseed relate to the fiber that is used by the textile industry. This raw cotton fiber, which can be spun into textile yarns, is called lint. However, another type of fiber, linters or fuzz fibers, which are very short, is also produced on the seed along with the lint [44]. The distribution of the lint and fuzz fibers over the seed surface is neither uniform nor random. The base of the seed mostly produces lint fibers, whereas cells near the tip of the seed mostly produce fuzz fibers. 

Fiber linter Short, fuzzy fibers that adhere to the cotton seed after ginning. Use includes in rayon manufacture, as fillers for plastics, as a base for the manufacture of cellulosic plastics etc. 

Cotton linters or wood pulp are nitrated using mixed acid followed by treatment with hot acidified water, pulping, neutralization, and washing. The finished product is blended for uniformity to a required nitrogen content. The controlling factors in the nitration process are the rates of diffusion of the acid into the fibers and of water out of the fibers, the composition of mixed acid, and the temperature (see Cellulose esters, inorganic esters). 

Cellulose (qv) is one of nature s most abundant stmctural materials, providing the primary framework of most plants. For industrial purposes cellulose is derived from two primary sources, cotton linters and wood pulp. Linters are derived from the machine by the same name used for removing the short fibers adhering to cotton seeds after ginning and consist essentially of pure cellulose (see Cotton). Wood (qv), on the other hand, contains 40—60% cellulose, which must be extracted by the chemical degradation of the wood stmcture. 

Cellulose acetate Silica gel Scoured wool Sawdust Rayon waste Fluorspar Tapioca Breakfast food Asbestos fiber Cotton linters Rayon staple Starch Aluminum hydrate Kaolin Cryolite Lead arsenate Cornstarch Cellulose acetate Dye intermediates Calcium carbonate White lead Lithopone Titanium dioxide Magnesium carbonate Aluminum stearate Zinc stearate Lithopone Zinc yellow Calcium carbonate Magnesium carbonate Soap flakes Soda ash Cornstarch Synthetic rubber... 

FPN No. 2) Easily ignitable fibers and flyings include rayon, cotton (including cotton linters and cotton waste), sisal or henequen, istle, jute, hemp, tow, cocoa fiber, oakum, baled waste kapok, Spanish moss, excelsior, and other materials of similar nature. 

Other sources of fibers include cotton rags and linters, flax, hemp, bagasse, tobacco, and synthetic fibers such as polypropylene. These substances are not used widely, however, as they are typically for low-volume, specialty grades of paper. 

In cottonseed oil mills, GNB and leaflike trash are partitioned when linters are removed from the seed. Linters from oil mills and even cleaned linters used by garnetters contained about one order of magnitude more GNB than that found on seeds and on seed hulls (Table I). Linters also contained more leaflike trash than delintered seed and seed hulls. Presumably GNB are found in greater numbers on linters than on delintered seed in oil mills because of larger amounts of leaflike trash entrained in linters and/or because of the relatively huge fiber surface area available on linters for bacterial attachment. 

Establishment of the location of microorganisms, that is, whether primarily on the fiber and or on the botanical trash entrained with the fiber, is of practical importance for attempts to remove GNB from cotton materials. This study shows that GNB are more highly concentrated on gross botanical trash found in cotton materials than on cleaned lint or linters. However, since the trash removal procedure involved separation of only those botanical fragments > 50 pm, it may be that some GNB on cleaned fiber are localized on smaller particles still entrained in the lint or linters. 

Linters. Fleecy short fibers (1/8" to 1/4" in length), consisting chiefly of cellulose, which adhere to cotton-seed after it has been passed once thru a cotton-gin. These are usually removed from the seed by a second and third ginning to yield first and second cut linters. 

The first cut fibers are the longer and are used mainly for padding, upholstery, mattresses, etc. Second cut linters are suitable for the prepn of various NC s after special treatment consisting of boiling in caustic soda, followed by bleaching... 

Purified linters are used extensively in the USA for the prepn of NC, but longer fibers are preferred in Engl. During WWI, Engl also used material called slivers (Ref 1, 3, p 30), which was staple cotton in the form of unspun strips — an intermediate stage in the manuf of yam. Although more expensive than cotton waste, it yielded purer and more stable Cordite... 

CA 54, 25825(1960)(Measurement of specific surface of NC s, powders, fibers and of crystals) 246)R.L.Trask, PATR 2494(1958) (Pilot-plant studies of sulfate wood pulp as a source of military NC) 247)E.KaiIa, Paperi ja Puu(Helsinki) 40, 339(1958) CA 52,19121 (1958)(NC dissolved in butylamine or other org amines for use in expls) 248)D.Gross A.F. Robertson,JRNBS 61,413 1958) CA 53,8629 (1959XSelf ignition temps of materials, such as cotton linters NC plastics) 249)L.Brissaud P. Miaud, MP 41, 27-38(1959)(Nitration of wood... 

Chemical Cellulose White fibers, consisting mostly of alpha-cellulose, obtained from vegetable matter(such as wood or cotton linters) by treatment with sulfite dilute NaOH soln or other reagent. Material obtained by treatment of cotton linters with dilute NaOH is also known as chemical cotton (See also CELLULOSE AND DERIVATIVES) Ref Merriam-Webster s(196l), 360 384... 

NC is a water-insoluble fibrous polymer. Consequently it is not absorbed thru the intestinal wall or cell membranes. This accounts for its total lack of oral toxicity to mammals. Subchronic and chronic feeding to rats and dogs at contents as high as 10% and to mice at 3% of the solid diet resulted in no effects other than those of fiber bulk, ie, as if they had been fed cotton linters. 

It can be prepared either by using appropriate direct dyes or reactive dyes. In the latter case, pure linters (the raw material for high-quality paper) are suspended in water, and the solution of the reactive dye is added. For example, the dye 15 reacts via the sulfonic acid group in the side chain. The reaction mixture is then made alkaline and the dye reacts with the linters. After completion of the reaction, the fiber pulp is centrifuged, washed electrolyte-free, and processed on a paper machine to form the pH paper. Paper produced in this way is mostly bonded onto a plastic material and used as pH test strip. 

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