Carbonate white lead

Cellulose acetate Silica gel Scoured wool Sawdust Rayon waste Fluorspar Tapioca Breakfast food Asbestos fiber Cotton linters Rayon staple Starch Aluminum hydrate Kaolin Cryolite Lead arsenate Cornstarch Cellulose acetate Dye intermediates Calcium carbonate White lead Lithopone Titanium dioxide Magnesium carbonate Aluminum stearate Zinc stearate Lithopone Zinc yellow Calcium carbonate Magnesium carbonate Soap flakes Soda ash Cornstarch Synthetic rubber... 

Gaseous CO2 is extensively used to carbonate soft drinks and this use alone accounts for 20% of production. Other quasi-chemical applications are its use as a gas purge, as an inert protective gas for welding, and for the neutralization of caustic and alkaline waste waters. Small amounts are also used in the manufacture of sodium salicylate, basic lead carbonate ( white lead ), and various carbonates such as M2CO3 and M HC03 (M = Na, K, NH4, etc.). One of the most important uses of CO2 is to manufacture urea via ammonium carbamate ... 

Thompson-Stewart A process for making basic lead carbonate ( white lead, 2PbC03Pb(0H)2), by reacting lead monoxide ( litharge ) with acetic acid and then with carbon dioxide. Basic lead acetate is an intermediate. See also Dutch, Carter. 

Basic Lead Carbonate (White Lead). Dissolve 1 g of lead acetate in 6 ml of water, introduce 0.5 g of lead(II) oxide into the solution in small portions while stirring it, and heat the mixture. What happens ... 

Poisoning hy Lead.—When compounds of load are token in sueh quantities as to be destructive to life, tho physical indications which are observed differ with the form of combination of the metallic oxide thus, for instance, the acetate of lead acts as an irritant, but tho carbonate—white lead—has no such sotion, or at beat only a very indecisive one tho same may he observed of the oxide and other compounds of lead, especially those of limited solubility. The general physiological effects already mentioned, are guides which do not fail to pant out the cause when death or violont attacks through the poisonous action of lead follows. 

Carbon and carbonates white lead carbon black... 

The manual substances mainly used as white pigments arc Lead carbonate [white lead), lead sulphate, zinc oxide [zinc white), zinc sulphide mixed with barium sulphate, these being obtained artificially artificial [fixed white) or natural barium sulphate, natural or artificial calcium carbonate [chalk), natural or artificial calcium sulphate [gypsum). 

The residue insoluble in water or a new portion of the substance is treated with dilute acetic acid, in which the zinc oxide should dissolve easily without evolution of gas. Effervescence indicates carbonates (white lead, chalk) if hydrogen sulphide is evolved, zinc sulphide (lithopone) may be present. Any residue insoluble in acetic acid may contain lead, barium or calcium sulphate or day, these being recognised as in white lead (q.v., paragraph i). Lastly, the acetic acid solution, when treated with caustic soda, should give a white precipitate quite soluble in excess of alkali and the alkaline solution should give a white precipitate with ammonium sulphide. 

To make lead hydroxide and lead carbonate (white lead), lead coils are heated in acetic acid fumes, carbon dioxide, and moisture. 

Basic lead carbonate (white lead, 2PbC03-Pb(0H)2) forms white hexagonal crystals it decomposes when heated to 400°C. Basic lead carbonate is insoluble in water and alcohol, slightly soluble in carbonated water, and soluble in nitric acid. 

SYNS CARBONIC ACID, LEAD(2+) SALT (1 1) CERUSSETE DIBASIC LEAD CARBONATE LEAD(2+) CARBONATE WHITE LEAD... 

BCWL. Abbreviation for basic carbonate white lead. 

The most widely used opaque white pigment was basic carbonate white lead, manufactured by a process little different from that known by the early Greeks in 400 B.C. Other commonly used pigments were zinc oxide, dating back to 1770 zinc sulfide, first produced in 1783 lithopone, developed in 1847 and basic sulfate white lead, which first appeared in 1855. 

The most commonly used method for evaluating the comparative opacity of white pigments was that of color or tinting strength. This was essentially nothing more than a comparison of the relative amounts of blue or black colorant required to visually match the depth of color produced in a standard. The standard was usually basic carbonate white lead, arbitrarily rated at 100. 

It was significant of change, however, that within 10 years time the traditional "standard" of the coating industry, basic carbonate white lead, had disappeared from a tabulation of opaque white pigments. 

Carbonic acid, lead(2-<-) salt (1 1) Cerussete Cerussite Dibasic lead carbonate EINECS 209-943-4 HSDB 1649 Lead carbonate Lead carbonate (PbC03) Lead(2+) carbonate Plumbous carbonate White lead. Exterior paint pigment, ceramic glazes. White solid mp = 125" insoluble in H2O, slightly soluble in EtOH. Halstab. 

Basic carbonate of lead See carbonate white lead. 

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