Ferrous acetate chlorid

Ferro-, ferrous, ferro-, ferroeo-, iron(II). -ammonsulfat, n. ammonium ferrous sulfate, -azetat, n. ferrous acetate, iron(II) acetate, -bor, n. ferroboron. -bromid, n. ferrous bromide, iron(II) bromide, -chlorid, n. ferrous chloride, iron(II) chloride, -chrom, n. ferrochrome, ferrochromium. 

Barium acetate converts to barium carbonate when heated in air at elevated temperatures. Reaction with sulfuric acid gives harium sulfate with hydrochloric acid and nitric acid, the chloride and nitrate salts are obtained after evaporation of the solutions. It undergoes double decomposition reactions with salts of several metals. For example, it forms ferrous acetate when treated with ferrous sulfate solution and mercurous acetate when mixed with mercurous nitrate solution acidified with nitric acid. It reacts with oxahc acid forming barium oxalate. 

FERROUS(III) CHLORIDE (7705-08-0) Very hygroscopic contact with moisture in air forms ferric chloride hexahydrate. Aqueous solution is highly acidic, precipitating hydroxide and phosphate salts, and forming corrosive fumes. Violent reaction with strong bases, allyl chloride, bromine pentafluoride, ethylene oxide, oxygen difluoride. Shock- and friction-sensitive explosive is formed with potassium, sodium, potassium-sodium alloy, and possibly other active metals. Aqueous solution is incompatible with sulfuric acid, caustics, ammonia, aliphatic amines, alkanolamines, amides, organic anhydrides, isocyanates, vinyl acetate, alkylene oxides, epichlorohydrin Attaeks metals in the presence of moisture. 

Dibromo adducts have been used for many years for purifying olefins. Reduction with zinc or iodide has been the traditional way of regenerating the olefin, although occasionally other reagents, ferrous chloride, for example, have been employed. Zinc is usually effective and may be used in acetic acid in favorable cases. Milder conditions are necessary if sensitive groups are present (ref. 185, p. 51). A well known application of the protective function... 

The A -oxide reactions in quinazoline 3-oxide are, however, modified to a certain extent by the aforementioned properties. Thus, whereas it can be reduced to quinazoline with phosphorus trichloride or iron and ferrous sulfate in ethanol, reactions with alkali, acetic anhydride, and benzoyl chloride in the presence of cyanide result in ring fission (Scheme 4). 

Iron was one of the first metals employed for the reduction of organic compounds over 130 years ago. It is used in the form of filings. Best results are obtained with 80 mesh grain [765]. Although some reductions are carried out in dilute or concentrated acetic acid the majority are performed in water in the presence of small amounts of hydrochloric acid, acetic acid or salts such as ferric chloride, sodium chloride (as little as 1.5-3%) [765], ferrous sulfate [766] and others. Under these conditions iron is converted to iron oxide, Fe304. Methanol or ethanol are used to increase the solubility of the organic material in the aqueous medium [766] (Procedure 34, p. 213). 

The most popular reducing agent for conversion of aromatic nitro compounds to amines is iron [166]. It is cheap and gives good to excellent yields [165, 582]. The reductions are usually carried out in aqueous or aqueous alcoholic media and require only catalytic amounts of acids (acetic, hydrochloric) or salts such as sodium chloride, ferrous sulfate or, better still, ferric chloride [165]. Thus the reductions are run essentially in neutral media. The rates of the reductions and sometimes even the yields can be increased by using iron in the form of small particles [165]. Iron is also suitable for reduction of complex nitro derivatives since it does not attack many functional groups [555]. 

Unsaturated aliphatic aldehydes were selectively reduced to unsaturated alcohols by specially controlled catalytic hydrogenation. Citral treated with hydrogen over platinum dioxide in the presence of ferrous chloride or sulfate and zinc acetate at room temperature and 3.5 atm was reduced only at the carbonyl group and gave geraniol (3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienol) [59], and crotonaldehyde on hydrogenation over 5% osmium on charcoal gave crotyl alcohol [763]. 

Many more examples exist for reduction of the carhonyl only. Over an osmium catalyst [763] or platinum catalyst activated by zinc acetate and ferrous chloride [782] cinnamaldehyde was hydrogenated to cinnamyl alcohol. The same product was obtained by gentle reduction with lithium aluminum hydride at —10° using the inverse technique [609], by reduction with alane (prepared in situ from lithium aluminum hydride and aluminum chloride)... 

Numerous methods for the synthesis of salicyl alcohol exist. These involve the reduction of salicylaldehyde or of salicylic acid and its derivatives. The alcohol can be prepared in almost theoretical yield by the reduction of salicylaldehyde with sodium amalgam, sodium borohydride, or lithium aluminum hydride by catalytic hydrogenation over platinum black or Raney nickel or by hydrogenation over platinum and ferrous chloride in alcohol. The electrolytic reduction of salicylaldehyde in sodium bicarbonate solution at a mercury cathode with carbon dioxide passed into the mixture also yields saligenin. It is formed by the electrolytic reduction at lead electrodes of salicylic acids in aqueous alcoholic solution or sodium salicylate in the presence of boric acid and sodium sulfate. Salicylamide in aqueous alcohol solution acidified with acetic acid is reduced to salicyl alcohol by sodium amalgam in 63% yield. Salicyl alcohol forms along with -hydroxybenzyl alcohol by the action of formaldehyde on phenol in the presence of sodium hydroxide or calcium oxide. High yields of salicyl alcohol from phenol and formaldehyde in the presence of a molar equivalent of ether additives have been reported (60). Phenyl metaborate prepared from phenol and boric acid yields salicyl alcohol after treatment with formaldehyde and hydrolysis (61). 

Synonym Ammonia Water Amfbnioformaldehyde Ammonium Acetate Ammonium Acid Fluoride Ammonium Amidosulfonate Ammonium Amidosulphate Ammonium Benzoate Ammonium Bicarbonate Ammonium Bichromate Ammonium Bifluoride Ammonium Carbonate Ammonium Chloride Ammonium Citrate Ammonium Citrate, Dibasic Ammonium Decaborate Octahydrate Ammonium Dichromate Ammonium Disulfate-Nickelate (II) Ammonium Ferric Citrate Ammonium Ferric Oxalate Trihydrate Ammonium Ferrous Sulfate Ammonium Fluoride Ammonium Fluosilicate Ammonium Formate Ammonium Gluconate Ammonium Hydrogen Carbonate Ammonium Hydrogen Fluoride Ammonium Hydrogen Sulfide Solution Ammonium Hydroxide Ammonium Hypo Ammonium Hyposulfite Ammonium Iodide Ammonium Iron Sulfate Ammonium Lactate Ammonium Lactate Syrup Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate Ammonium Molybdate Ammonium Muriate Ammonium Nickel Sulfate Ammonium Nitrate Ammonium Nitrate-Urea Solution Ammonium Oleate... 

Diazotization has been reported for all the pyrazolopyridines, and in some cases the salts have been isolated. A 7-aminopyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridine (191a) was converted to the corresponding hydroxy compound with sodium nitrite in hot glacial acetic acid.159 Analogous products were obtained from a 3-aminopyrazolo[3,4-b]-15 and 2-aminopyrazolo[l,5-a]pyridine.186 Decomposition of diazonium salts with hydrobromic acid afforded 3-bromo-pyrazolo[3,4-c]-u0 or -[4,3-bjpyridines111 deamination of 3-aminopyra-zolo[3,4-h]pyridines was achieved via treatment of the diazonium salts with hypophosphorous acid,10 titanous chloride,238 or ferrous ammonium sulfate.238 Kocevar et al.236 have made a detailed study of the reactions of the latter diazonium salt. 

Sulphates, Copper, and Alkalies. — Boil for a few minutes a solution of 5 gm. of ferrous chloride in 10 cc. of water and 5 cc. of nitric acid (sp. gr. 1.3), dilute to 120 cc., add 20 cc. of ammonia water, and filter evaporate 50 cc. of the filtrate and ignite the residue. The weight of the latter should not exceed 0.001 gm. Slightly acidulate 20 cc. of the filtrate with hydrochloric acid and add barium nitrate solution. No change should appear. 20 cc. of the filtrate acidified with acetic acid should show no change upon addition of potassium ferrocyanide solution. 

Drum dryers potatoes, cereals, buttermilk, skim milk, dextrins, yeasts, instant oat meal, polyacylamides, sodium benzoate, propionates, acetates, phosphates, chelates, aluminum oxide, m-disulfuric acid, barium sulfate, calcium acetate-arsenate-carbonate-hydrate-phosphate, caustic, ferrous sulfate, glue, lead arsenate, sodium benzene sulfonate, and sodium chloride... 

In fine chemical manufacturing, the application of promoted platinum catalysts is less known. Maxted and Akhar have reported that the addition of stannous, manganous, ceric and ferric chloride to platinum oxide (Adams catalyst) facilitates the hydrogenation of aldehydes, ketones and olefins (ref. 1). The selective hydrogenation of unsaturated aldehydes or ketones to unsaturated alcohols has been achieved by the addition of ferrous sulfate and zinc acetate to platinum catalysts (ref. 2). 

Reaction of 2-aminobenzo[6]thiophene stannichloride with methyl vinyl ketone in the presence of ferrous chloride and zinc chloride yields 4-methyl[l]benzothieno[2,3-6]pyridine (176a).516 Reaction of the plumbichloride complex of 2-aminobenzo[6]thiophene hydrochloride with the diethyl acetal of acetoacetaldehyde in the presence of zinc chloride affords 176b,549 The pyridine derivative (176c) is obtained... 

E. P. Alvarez 2 found that the pemitrates react with soln. of lead acetate (white precipitate), silver nitrate (white precipitate), mercurous nitrate (white precipitate with rapid decomposition), mercuric chloride (red precipitate), copper sulphate (blue precipitate), zinc and cadmium sulphates (white precipitate), bismuth nitrate (white precipitate), gold chloride (slight effervescence and escape of oxygen), manganous chloride (pink precipitate), nickelous chloride or sulphate (greenish-white precipitate), cobaltous nitrate and chloride (pink precipitate), ferrous sulphate (green or bluish-green precipitate), ferric chloride (red ferric hydroxide), and alkaline earth chlorides (white precipitates). The precipitates are all per-salts of the bases in question. 

---