Fermentation industry succinic acid

Orjuela A, Yanez AJ, Peereboom L, Lira CT, Miller DJ (2011) A novel process for recovery of fermentation-derived succinic acid. Sep Purif Technol 83 31-37 Otero JM, Cimini D, Patil KR, Poulsen SG, Olsson L, Nielsen J (2013) Industrial systems biology of Saccharomyces cerevisiae enables novel succinic acid cell factory. PLoS One 8 1-10 Ponnampalam E (1999) Purification of organic acids using anion exchange chromatography. Patent WO9944707... 

Succinic acid. Succinic add is also available via fermentation of glucose, and has the potential to become a large-scale industrial chemical in the future. However, there are only a few reports on dehydration reactions involving succinic acids in the literature, and most of these are concerned with esterification to produce dialkyl esters. The synthesis of various dialkyl esters was reported using metal exchanged montmorillonite clays (Na, Mn ", ... 

Fermentation of lactic acid to yield propionic acid, carbon dioxide, acetic acid, and succinic acid is important for proper eye formation and flavor development in Emmental, Gruyere, and Swiss-type cheese varieties. This fermentation is associated with Propionibacterium spp. subspecies of Propionibacterium freudenreichii are of greatest significance. These organisms can also be used for industrial production of vitamin Bi2 and propionic acid. 

Many industrial organic acids can be produced by fermentation, such as acetic, citric, and lactic acids. Succinic acid is a dicarboxylic acid of potential industrial interest as a platform chemical (1-3). Separation and purification of succinic acid by adsorption was tested to replace current precipitation methods and their associated waste disposal problems. Succinic acid is a valuable intermediate value chemical with a moderate market. For succinic acid to have an economic and energy impact, it will need to become a commodity chemical intermediate with a much lower price. This target price hasbeen estimated to be between 0.22 and 0.30 / lb ( 0.48- 0.66/kg) and is potentially achievable with advanced technology (1). At this price, succinic acid can be catalytically upgraded into other higher valued chemicals suchastetrahydrofuran, 1,4-butanediol, y-butyrolactone, 2-pyrrolidinone, and N-methylpyrrolidinone. 

Funding was provided by the US Department of Energy—EERE— Office of Industrial Technologies. ORNL is operated by UT Battelle under contract with the US Department of Energy. Actual succinic acid fermentation broth was kindly provided by Michigan Biotechnology Institute. 

Succinic acid for industrial use is predominately produced from butane via maleic anhydride, whereas food-grade succinic acid is produced through older fermentation and separation technology. Both routes are costly and this has limited use to specialized areas. Consequently, the world market is relatively small at 15,000 metric t/yr (39). 

Succinic acid is an umami-tasting constituent of shellfish, as well as a kokumi-tasting substance in Japanese sake. It is sometimes added to Japanese sake and soy sauce to improve the taste quality. It is industrially produced from maleic acid by hydrogenation and subsequent purification. It is also approved as a food additive in Japan. Recently, an efficient fermentation method has also been studied.246... 

In February 2006, Japan s Mitsubishi Motors announced that it is to use the biopolymer, polybutylene succinate (PBS), in the interior of its new mini-car launched next year. In conjunction with Aichi Industrial Technology Institute, it has developed a material that uses PBS combined with bamboo fibre. PBS is composed of succinic acid, which is derived from fermented corn or cane sugar, and 1,4-butanediol. Bamboo grows quickly and is seen by Mitsubishi as a sustainable resource. In lifecycle tests, the PBS-bamboo fibre composite achieves a 50% cut in carbon dioxide emissions compared with polypropylene. Volatile organic compound levels are also drastically reduced, by roughly 85%, over processed wood hardboards. 

Flavors of organic acids range from fresh acidic (citric acid) to salty and bitter (succinic acid). This characteristic plays an important role in the wine industry. The natural malolactic conversion causes major changes in fermented beverages, red wine, and cider, which results in a decrease in the acidity of red wine and cider, and the replacement of malic acid with lactic acid, which has a weaker taste (Gomis, 1992). 

This study shows that A. succinogenes 130Z can effectively convert cheese whey to succinic acid. Therefore, cheese whey, waste stream from dairy industry, can be used in the cost-effective fermentative production of succinic acid. 

Fast increasing crude oil prices and projected dwindling output mean that fermentation processes become more and more attractive. There are indeed a number of industrial projects aimed at producing relatively simple chemicals by fermentation, notably methionine, acrylic acid and succinic acid. 

A biocatalytic system for converting biomass to industrial chemicals is not only applicable to enzymatic conversions but also to fermentative conversion using cellulose. We report here three examples of fermentative conversion of cellulose to chemicals namely 1,3 propanediol, lactic acid, and succinic acid. 

Introduction of bio-based succinic acid as a significant step toward a sustainable chemical industry depends on two important economic parameters. The first is summarized under the term of the production costs. Major constituents along the production process are the costs and the availability of the feedstock with 10-15%, the fermentation process itself contributing to 20-25% of the costs, and the purification of the final producf, which may utilize between 60% and 70% of the total costs. All these parameters can be improved to reduce the succinic acid price. For example, processes and/or producer strains capable of utilizing different kinds of feedstocks... 

Another company involved in industrial bio-based succinic acid production is Succinity GmbH founded in October 2012 (http //www.basf.com/group/pressrelease/P-12-444). This company is a joint venture between BASE and Purac, a subsidiary of GSM. It is aiming to supply the market with succinic acid produced with B. succinicipro-ducens. The first large-scale fermentation plant with a total capacity of 10,000 tons is expected to start production in late 2013 at the Purac site near Barcelona, Spain. 

Bio-based succinic acid is a very promising compound which can be used in many different application fields and has the potential to substitute several petroleum-based bulk chemicals. Research within the past years led to the development of a number of different production strains, fermentation strategies, and downstream processes suitable for industrial needs. Based on these results, several companies started bio-succinic acid production at industrial scale. The short overview of these companies given above, which is certainly not complete, and... 

In 2009, BASF and Purac formed a partnership for the development of the industrial fermentation and downstream processing of biosuccinic acid, and are now establishing a joint venture for the production and sale of biobased succinic acid. The company has been named Succinity GmbH and started up officially in August 2013. The two companies have modified an existing fermentation facility of Purac in Montmelo, Spain, for the production of succinic acid. The annual capacity of the plant is 10,000 metric tonnes and production started in March 2014 [109]. 

Succinic acid can also be produced by fermentation from carbohydrates. A whole series of industrial processes have been developed in the last decade by companies such as BASF [18], Roquette and DSM [19], and BioAmber [20] to improve the yield of the fermentation and to bring it to industrial maturity. 

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