Succinic acid and derivs

Guo, J., Tolstoy, P.M., Koeppe, B, Denisov, G.S., and Limbach, H.H, (2011) NMR study of conformational exchange and geometries of intramolecular hydrogen bonds in monoanions of succinic acid and derivatives. J. Phys. Chem. A,... 

With some acids (e.g., succinic acid and sulplianilic acid) more satisfactory results are obtained by reversing the order of mixing, i.e., by adding the solution of the so um salt of the acid to the reagent. It should be pointed out that the melting points of the derivatives as determined on the electric hot plate (Fig. II, 11, 1) may differ by 2-3° from those obtained by the capillary tube method. In view of the proximity of the melting points of the derivatives of many acids, the mixed m.p. test (Section 1,17) should be applied. 

Halogenation. Succinic acid and succinic anhydride react with halogens through the active methylene groups. Succinic acid heated in a closed vessel at 100°C with bromine yields 2,3-dibromosuccinic acid almost quantitatively. The yield is reduced in the presence of excess water as a result of the formation of brominated hydrocarbons. The anhydride gives the mono- or dibromo derivative, depending on the equivalents of bromine used. 

This process, to which the raw materials are suppHed at low pressures, is continuous and gives good yields of acrylates (see Acrylic acid and derivatives). In the presence of catalytic amounts of Co2(CO)g, acetylene has been carboxylated in methanol yielding dimethyl succinate as the principal product (135). 

The diacids are characterized by two carboxyHc acid groups attached to a linear or branched hydrocarbon chain. AUphatic, linear dicarboxyhc acids of the general formula HOOC(CH2) COOH, and branched dicarboxyhc acids are the subject of this article. The more common aUphatic diacids (oxaUc, malonic, succinic, and adipic) as weU as the common unsaturated diacids (maleic acid, fumaric acid), the dimer acids (qv), and the aromatic diacids (phthaUc acids) are not discussed here (see Adipic acid Maleic anhydride, maleic acid, and fumaric acid Malonic acid and derivatives Oxalic acid Phthalic acid and OTHERBENZENE-POLYCARBOXYLIC ACIDS SucciNic ACID AND SUCCINIC ANHYDRIDE). The bihinctionahty of the diacids makes them versatile materials, ideally suited for a variety of condensation polymerization reactions. Several diacids are commercially important chemicals that are produced in multimillion kg quantities and find appHcation in a myriad of uses. 

Succinic acid and 1,4-butanediol are transported to Tatsuno Factory of Showa Denko from domestic production plants. In this study, we derive various scenarios... 

Transportation of succinic acid and 1,4-butanediol and other various raw materials is the same as for Bionolle. Starch and plasticizer are transported to Showa Denko Tatsuno Factory from domestic and overseas production plants. We derive various scenarios from actual transport information in this study, including distance, route, means of transport, and loading ratios. Fuel consumption and CO2 emission related to transportation are estimated based on these scenarios. As starch is assumed to be produced in the USA, we account for both sea transportation from the USA to Japan and land transportation from domestic ports to the Tatsuno Factory in this study. For inventory data per unit amount of transport during transportation, we refer to data from JEMAI LCA Ver. 1.1.6 [8] for land transportation and data from the literature [15] for sea transportation in particular, data from the literature [16] is also referred to for sea transportation distances. 

In addition to high biodegradability, Bionolle is verified by this smdy to offer CO2 emission characteristics superior to conventional resins, despite the fact that raw materials (succinic acid and 1,4-butanediol) are derived from naphtha. Given the prospects for producing succinic acid and 1,4-butanediol from biomass and waste paper, Bionolle may eventually offer even greater environmental benefits when it... 

Problem 16.1 Give a derived and lUPAC name for the following carboxylic acids. Note the common names, (a) CH,(CH,) COOH (caproic acid) (b) (CH,),CCOOH (pivalic acid) (c) (CH,)X HCH,CH,COOH ( y-methylvaleric acid) (d) C H,CH,CH,COOH (/3-phenylpropionic acid) (e) (CH,),C(OH)COOH (a-hydroxyisobutyric acid) (/) H06C(CH,),C00H (succinic acid) (no derived name). ... 

The original Paal reactions involved heating succinic acid or derivatives neat with P4S10 in a clay vessel, followed by crushing the vessel and extracting the tars to isolate the thiophene derivatives. Yields tended to be low. It was later shown that salts of the acids gave better yields, especially when lower sulfides of phosphorus were used, thus producing... 

Amino acids (and derivatives) Carbowax 600 diethylene glycol succinate (stabilized) Ethofat (on chromosorb T) ethylene glycol succinate neopentyl glycol adipate SE-30 XE-60 (methyl silicone phases)... 

Other companies showing strong interest in the production of biobased succinic acid and its derivatives are Mitsubishi Chemical and Ajinomoto Company, Inc., which have agreed to collaboratively develop a biobased process to convert sugars into succinic acid. These companies plan to construct a succinic acid plant in Japan with an initial capacity of 30,000 metric t/yr (MT) by 2006 (42). Table 4 shows the current market estimates for the fossil-based chemicals, as well as 2020 market estimates for the biobased products potentially based on biobased succinic acid. 

Diorgano tellurium dicarboxylates were prepared from dialkyl and diaryl tellurium derivatives. Aliphatic carboxylic acids, aromatic carboxylic acids, their sodium or silver salts, and carboxylic acid anhydrides were used as reagents. Dicarboxylic acids such as succinic acid and phthalic acid were reported to give monomeric carboxylates when... 

Guerbet alcohols were previously used by the author [1] to prepare controlled molecular weight polyesters derived from succinic acid and used in skin care formulations. 

In a subsequent investigation by the author (1) 2-phosphono-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) methyl-succinic acid and other aromatic derivatives were prepared. 

For the preparation of long chain alkanes from fatty acids it is useful to extract the electrolyte contin-ously with a high-boiling nonpolar solvent, e.g. 2-methylheptane. Cyclopropanecarboxylic acids in some cases have been dimerized, e.g. or (15) in other cases the radical is further oxidized to a carbocation which then undergoes ring opening and solvoiysis to allylic compounds. Specifically substituted 1,2-diphenyiethanes have been prepared from phenylacetic acids (Table 2, entries 22 and 23). A variety of 2,3-disubstituted succinic acids and their derivatives have become accessible from malonic... 

Organic acids and salicylates as enhancers (salicylic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, and glycol derivatives such as methyl, ethyl and propyl) of salicyhc acid... 

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