Fermentation, definition

In various types of bacteriological cellulose fermentations, large-scale reduction of sugar takes place. Relevant facts as well as the older literature can be found in an article by Neuberg and Cohen, while the metabolism of wood-destroying fungi is treated by Nord and Sciarini. Butyric acid and other products of reduction probably are formed as in butyl fermentations. Definite results with pure cultures are hardly available from most of the early papers. 

Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See Yeast, dried Saccharomyces cerevisiae extract CAS 84604-16-0 EINECS/ELINCS 283-294-5 Synonyms Yeast ferment extract Uses Restores soft, elastic skin, improves dry skin in skin care Saccharomyces/copper ferment Definition tract of a fermentation prod, of saccharomyces in the presence of copper ions Uses Skin conditioner in cosmetics Saccharomyces/fluorine ferment Definition Extract of a fermentation prod, of saccharomyces in the presence of fluorine ions Uses Cosmetic ingred. 

Trade Name Synonyms Biomin Marine [Arch Personal Care Prods. http //WWW. archchemicals, com] Saccharomyces/selenium ferment Definition Extract of a fermentation prod, of saccharomyces in the presence of selenium ions Uses Cosmetic ingred. 

Saccharomyces/silicon ferment Definition Extract of a fermentation prod, of saccharomyces in the presence of silicon Uses Cosmetic ingred. 

The United States definition of beer is as follows. Beer shall mean beer, ale, porter, stout, and other similar fermented beverages of any name of... 

A catalyst is a substance that iacreases the rate of approach to equiUbrium of a chemical reaction without being substantially consumed itself. A catalyst changes the rate but not the equiUbrium of the reaction. This definition is almost the same as that given by Ostwald ia 1895. The term catalysis was coiaed ia ca 1835 by Ber2eHus, who recognized that many seemingly disparate phenomena could be described by a single concept. For example, ferments added ia small amounts were known to make possible the conversion of plant materials iato alcohol and there were numerous examples of both decomposition and synthesis reactions that were apparendy caused by addition of various Hquids or by contact with various soHds. 

The known changes in polyphenolic material have already been noted. Fermentation also results in slight loss of extractable caffeine. Decreases of 5 to 7% have been observed.31 Higher-than-normal fermentation times and temperatures accelerate this effect. The fate of caffeine made unavailable during fermentation is not definitely known. It has been demonstrated that caffeine interacts with polyphenols,80-81 so it is likely that the alkaloid becomes complexed with the most insoluble thearubigen fractions that do not become part of the beverage.31... 

The above definition of classical biotechnological processes can easily be adapted to the concept of molecular farming. With plant cell fermentation the analogy is ob-... 

Any method can be used but bulk fermentation is the usual choice. This experiment should give definite differences between the sample and the control. 

The term catalysis was coined by Berzelius over 150 years ago when he had noticed changes in substances when they were brought in contact with small amounts of certain species called "ferments". Many years later in 1895 Ostwald came up with the definition that we use until today A catalyst is a substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction without itself appearing into the products. This means that according to Ostwald a catalyst can also slow down a reaction The definition used today reads as follows A catalyst is a substance which increases the rate at which a chemical reaction approaches equilibrium without becoming itself permanently involved. 

A number of authors wrote primarily to emphasize either the equipment or the algorithms used in their work. Hammond and Brookes wrote a paper focusing on the technique, not necessarily the results, of any single fermentation.43 In this work, the authors discuss, of course, the experimental work performed and the results, but emphasized the definitions of terms used throughout NIR and the equations by which they are determined. The hardware used is diagrammed and... 

Depending on process parameters, culture age and genetic make-up, filamentous microorganisms in an industrial fermenter can either grow as free mycelia or as mycelial aggregates — pellets or flocks (Fig. 2). Of course, this polar definition is far from reality all kinds of intermediate morphologies exist between free unassociated mycelia, loose flocks and dense pellets. The... 

The term fermentation can be used in its original strict meaning (to produce alcohol from sugar—nothing else) or it can be used more or less broadly. We will use the modern broad definition ... 

The presence of S. mutans and other cariogenic bacteria contributes towards the formation of a biofilm known as dental plaque, and their metabolism of fermentable carbohydrates in the diet leads to the formation of acids [12]. Dental caries has been described as a complex imbalance in physiologic equilibrium between tooth mineral and biofilm [13]. Biofilms imply the involvement of microbiological species [14], but the key concept included within this definition is that the bacteria involved are native to the body, not a group of specific invasive bacteria causing infection [14]. 

Definition of the downstream process candidate for recovery, concentration, purification, and isolation of the target molecule from fermentation... 

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