Insect feeding behavior

Although elicitors from insect oral secretions have received special attention, the quality and quantity of HIPVs may also be affected by insect feeding behavior such as continuous or interrupted leaf chewing, phloem sucking, and even egg deposition.193,194 Recently, it was shown that continuous mechanical wounding was sufficient to induce local as well as systemic emission of volatiles that are emitted as HIPVs.195 Thus, the role of insect elicitors in HIPV production still remains largely an open question. 

Leaf Disk Test Bioassay of Effect of Tannins on Insect Feeding Behavior... 

Riedell WE, Kieckhefer RE, Petroski RJ, Powell RG. Naturally occurring and synthetic loline alkaloid derivatives insect feeding behavior modification and toxicity. J Entomol Sci 26 122-129, 1991. 

Most previous experiments with kauranes and closely related compounds have been concerned with their effects on Insect growth and development. However in this case the deterrent effects of the Isolated compounds to Trirhabda canadensis were investigated as a first step in understanding the feeding behavior of this insect in the field. 

If a plant deters feeding by an Insect, the mechanism of resistance may be classified as antlxenosls or antibiosis. The critical question is whether the Insect is completely prevented from feeding, thus starving to death (antibiosis), or would eventually feed on that plant when given no choice (antlxenosls). Since the answers to such questions are not always known, this discussion will deal with the factors affecting an insect s behavior in the selection of a host plant, with emphasis on behavior. 

Feeding. The feeding behavior of phytophagous Insects has been studied much more widely than other aspects of the Insect/plant relationship. The reason for this probably lies In the relative ease with which bloassays can be performed and the results Interpreted. Many Insects can be reared on artificial diets, and the effects of added plant constituents can readily be determined. Some early studies by Dethler (29) demonstrated a correlation between larval food choice and the presence of specific chemicals In the umbelliferous host plants of Paplllo polyxenes. However, many of the compounds typically found In the Umbelliferae are also present in other... 

In homopterans, pymetrozine prevents insects from inserting their stylus into plant tissue. The feeding disruption appears to be related to the nervous regulation of feeding behavior that consequently results in death due to starvation (Harrewijn and Kayser, 1997). Its oral LD50 in rats is >5000 mg/kg. 

The feeding behavior of herbivorous insects is guided by plant chemistry. There are specialists and generalists with regard to the range of plant species they attack. Nutrients such as sugars and proteins, and secondary plant compounds such as phenolics, terpenoids, or alkaloids, determine whether or not an insect will feed on a plant and to what extent. 

Insect Antifeedant Activity. It has been recognized that iminosugars such as 1-deoxynojirimycin 2, homonojirimycin 85 (Figure 9.29) and deoxymannojirimycin 59 markedly affect the maturation and feeding behavior of a number of economically significant pest insects,... 

Behavioral and sensory disturbance. Potato glandular trichomes, in addition to acting as a physical barrier to pests, manufacture and/or store a profusion of plant metabolic products, some of which profoundly influence insect behavior and metabolism (19,20). The sesquiterpene components of potato trichome glands (21,22,23) are potentially powerful semiochemicals and one of these, E-6-farnesene, is well known for its ability to initiate evasive behavior in aphids (24). The dramatic alteration of aphid feeding behavior on S. berthaultii reported by Lapointe and Tingey (25) may be due to allomonal sesquiterpenes in trichome exudate and will be discussed later. 

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