Copper stress

Numerous and disparate copper criteria are proposed for protecting the health of agricultural crops, aquatic life, terrestrial invertebrates, poultry, laboratory white rats, and humans (Table 3.8) however, no copper criteria are now available for protection of avian and mammalian wildlife, and this needs to be rectified. Several of the proposed criteria do not adequately protect sensitive species of plants and animals and need to be reexamined. Other research areas that merit additional effort include biomarkers of early copper stress copper interactions with interrelated trace elements in cases of deficiency and excess copper status effects on disease resistance, cancer, mutagenicity, and birth defects mechanisms of copper tolerance or acclimatization and chemical speciation of copper, including measurement of flux rates of ionic copper from metallic copper. 

Ferrando, M.D. and E. Andreu. 1993. Feeding behavior as an index of copper stress in Daphnia magna and Brachionus calyciflorus. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 106C 327-331. 

Suresh, K. and A. Mohandas. 1993. Haemolymph protein levels in copper-stressed bivalves. Sci. Total Environ., Suppl. 1993, Part 1 631-639. 

Winner, R.W., H.A. Owen, and M.V. Moore. 1990. Seasonal variability on the sensitivity of freshwater lentic communities to a chronic copper stress. Aquat. Toxicol. 17 75-92. 

Moore, M. V. and R. W. Winner. 1989. Relative sensitivity of Ceriodaphnia dubia laboratory tests and pond communities of zooplankton and benthos to chronic copper stress, Aquat. Toxicol. 15 311-330. 

Stanley, S. H., Prior, S. D., I ak, D. J., and Dalton, H., 1983, Copper stress underlies the fundamental change in intracellular location of methane monooxygenase in methane-oxidizing organisms Studies in batch and continuous cultures. Biotech. Lett. 55 487n492. 

Solioz, M., Abicht, H. K., Mermod, M., Mancini, S. (2010). Response of gram-positive bacteria to copper stress. The Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 15, 3—14. 

McKnight, D. M. (1981). Chemical and biological processes controlling the response of a freshwater ecosystem to copper stress A field study for the CUSO4 treatment of Mill Pond Reservoir, Burlington, Massachusetts. Limnol. Oceanogr. 26, 518-531. 

Response of the organism to copper stress is dependent on the status of the culture. In the absence of synchrony, effects can be masked by the presence of only a fraction of the cells being in a sensitive phase of their development. Application of copper in the dark often elicits responses that are different in intensity or type than those observed in the light88-91. Anaerobic conditions exacerbate the deleterious effects of Cu92. Critical evaluation of these data and data generated in our own work has led us to some hypotheses regarding the systems affected by copper. 

If there is a change in the physiology of the cells, can one conclude that there are biochemical events, pathways, which are more sensitive than others to the influence of copper, ie., is a cell in a non-proliferating (lag phase) stage more susceptible to copper stress than exponentially growing cells ... 

Copper detoxifying mechanisms in fishes include the induction of metallothioneins, allowing copper retention for weeks or months after absorption without producing toxic effects. Hepatic metallothionein contents of individual fishes usually reflect the accumulation of copper in that organ. This strongly supports the use of metallothionein as an indicator of copper stress. 

Bajguz A (2010) Suppression of Chlorella vulgaris growth by cadmium, lead, and copper stress and its restoration by endogenous brassinolide. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 60 406-416... 

Posmyk, M.M., Kontek, R. Janas, K.M. (2009). Antioxidant enzymes activity and phenolic compounds content in red cabbage seedUngs exposed to copper stress. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 72, 596-602. 

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