Federal Resource Conservation and Recovery

B) Any contamination of the environment or damage to natural resources at a facility owned or operated hy Seller or a facility/location chosen hy Seller for its disposal of Wastes or any other facility at which Seller s Wastes may he released or threatened to he released, including any liability imposed by federal, state and local laws, regulations and ordinances, including, but not limited to, the Federal Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA), 42 USC 9601 etseq., the Federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), 42 USC 6901 et seq., or comparable and applicable state legal requirements or any extension or revision thereof or... 

Production of finished aluminum products by industrial facilities typically results in the generation of very large amounts of solid aluminum hydroxide anodizing residues (Saunders 1988). These aluminumanodizing residues are currently classified as nonhazardous under the Federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations. These residues are typically dewatered to reduce the volume of waste prior to being landfilled. However, the heavy metal content of these solid waste residues can be of... 

Overview of Federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Requirements... 

Fly ash and bottom ash has been declared a special waste by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, in concordance with the Federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (R.C.R.A.). This designation requires that coal ash disposal ponds be sealed to prevent downward percolation of leachate and that groundwater monitoring systems be installed at the site. Many disposal ponds constructed prior to 1976 are unlined and may allow the infiltration of leachate into the groundwater aquifer. While newer ponds may be lined, the life of the lining before it is breached is unknown. Therefore, information is needed on the chemical composition of ash leachates to evaluate the effect of this leachate on groundwater quality. 

Disposal of Antimony. Antimony and its compounds have been designated as priority pollutants by the EPA (35). As a result users, transporters, generators, and processors of antimony-containing material must comply with regulations of the Federal Resource Conservative and Recovery... 

Trichloroethylene waste is considered hazardous under the federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and many state laws. The waste must be stored, transported, and disposed of in accordance with applicable RCRA and state requirements. The reportable quantity (RQ) for releases of trichloroethylene under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (Superfund) is 100 pounds. It is one of several hundred chemicals subject to material safety data sheet (MSDS), inventory, and release reporting under the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (Title 111 of the 1986 Superfimd Amendments and Reauthorization Act, or SARA). 

Based on the evidence that acceptable recycled petroleum products can be produced, there is a considerable legislative record encouraging the recycling of used oil. Starting with the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act in 1976 (20), used oil was held apart from the normal hazardous waste system because the oil was viewed as a valuable commodity. This was followed by the Used Oil Recycling Act in 1980 (33), which removed any federal requirement that lubricants containing re-refined base oil carry special labeling. 

The two main federal agencies involved in the protection of human health and the environment are the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). EPA s principal concern is the protection of the environment, in most cases, the area outside of an industrial faciUty. There are 10 regional offices that carry out the regulatory functions of the agency (Table 1). Primary laws covered by EPA are the Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA), the Clean Water Act (CWA), Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and LiabiUty Act (CERCLA), Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), and Eederal Insecticide, Eungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). 

The main objectives of RCRA ate to protect pubHc health and the environment and to conserve natural resources. The act requires EPA to develop and adininistet the following programs soHd waste disposal practices providing acceptable protection levels for pubHc health and the environment transportation, storage, treatment, and disposal of hazardous wastes practices that eliminate or minimize hazards to human health and the environment the use of resource conservation and recovery whenever technically and economically feasible and federal, state, and local programs to achieve these objectives. 

Transportation and Disposal. Only highly alkaline forms of soluble sihcates are regulated by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) as hazardous materials for transportation. When discarded, these ate classified as hazardous waste under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). Typical members of this class are sodium sihcate solutions having sihca-to-alkah ratios of less than 1.6 and sodium sihcate powders with ratios of less than 1.0. In the recommended treatment and disposal method, the soluble sihcates are neutralized with aqueous acid (6 Af or equivalent), and the resulting sihca gel is disposed of according to local, state, and federal regulations. The neutral hquid, a salt solution, can be flushed iato sewer systems (86). 

Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act Toxic Substances Control Act Nuclear Regulatory Commission Title 10... 

Federal Register, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), 42 US Code s/s 6901 et seq. 1976, U.S. Government, Public Laws, available at www.access.gpo.gov/uscode/title42/chapter82. html, January 2004. 

In the U.S., three pieces of federal legislation that were passed from 1969 to 1980, and the implementing rules and regulations that followed, initiated a series of fundamental changes in the management of waste and byproduct materials. They presently affect the way in which regulatory agencies address waste and byproduct material use. These acts include the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA, 1969), the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA, 1976, 1980), and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liabilities Act (CERCLA) or Superfund (1980). 

Waste Disposal Method Open pit burning or burying of VX or items containing or contaminated with VX in any quantity is prohibited. The detoxified VX(using procedures above) can be thermally destroyed by in a EPA approved incinerator according to appropriate provisions of Federal, State, or local Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations. 

Personnel. More than any other area, we are often asked "How many people has your corporation added due to TSCA " I don t know of anyone who has a concise answer to this question. Complicating the situation is the fact that the 1960 s and 1970 s saw a number of environmental and health laws go into effect the Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, Occupational Safety and Health Act, Safe Drinking Water Act, Federal Water Pollution Control Act, TSCA, Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, Hazardous Materials Transportation Act, Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, and Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, to mention the major ones. This mixture of acts, with some similarities of purpose, developing within a time span of 10-15 years, has made a variety of similar demands. It is not easy at this point to attribute the addition of staff support personnel to an individual law such as TSCA. The same observation is applicable to all corporate resources which have felt the effects of TSCA however, in order to... 

Those federal regulations of interest and importance for addressing subsurface environmental issues in chronological order of establishment include the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), Spill Prevention, Control and Countermeasure (SPCC), the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), the Resource, Conservation, and Recovery Act (RCRA), the Clean Water Act (CWA), the Toxic Substance Control Act (TSCA), the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA), the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FTFRA), and the Petroleum Safety Act (PSA). These regulations are discussed below. 

Heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide are Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) hazardous wastes and hazardous constituents (EPA 1986c) as such, they must be disposed of in secure landfills in compliance with all federal, state, and local regulations. They may also be incinerated at 1,500°F for 0.5 second for primary combustion and at 3,200 °F for 1 second for secondary combustion, with adequate scrubbing of incinerator exhaust and disposal of ash (Sittig 1985). 

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