Fats and fixed oils

Fats and fixed oils < 401 > (see note for fatty acid mixture) Organic volatile impurities < 467 > Fatty acid composition C8-C22 with 1-3 double bonds Use of headspace apparatus that transfers a measured amount of headspace automatically is allowed C 0.53 30 1.0- xm G16 Fused silica 70-240°C FID He... 

General Chapters, chemical tests, 401 Fats and fixed oils. 2013. United States Pharmacopoeia (37th ed.). Rockville, MD United States Pharmacopeial Convention. 

Jambul, Jamboo Java plum jumbul. Bark, fruit and seeds of Syzygium Jambolanum (Lam.) DC. (Eugenia jambolana Lam.), Myrlaceae. Habit East Indies. Constit. Bark resin, tannin. Fruit volatile and fixed oils, resin, tannin. Seeds resin, fat, gallic acid, albumin. 

LDL. Low-density lipoprotein LIPASES. Lipoljitic enzymes that hydrolyze fats or fixed oils into their glycerol and fatty acid components. They are chiefly used in the dairy industry as flavor producers or modifiers and in medicine as digestive aids... 

LIPIDS. Fatty materials that are soluble in fat solvents (ether, chloroform, alcohol, etc.). They include fatty acids, fats, waxes, fixed oils, steroids, lecithins, and fat-soluble vitamins (vitamins A, D, and K)... 

Ornithine decarboxylase activity. Fixed oil (4.5%), Clupeidae brevortia tyrannus (4%), and Zea mays (1.5%) fixed oil (7.5%), Clupeidae brevortia tyrannus (1%), and Zea mays (1.5%) fixed oil (8.5%) and Zea mays (1.5%), administered orally to mice for 1 year, were active vs benzoyl peroxide-induced ornithine decarboxylase activity Oil, administered to 30 ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated Senear and SKH-1 mice at doses of 1/14% (A diet), 7.9/7.1% (B diet), and 15/0% (C diet) corn oil/coco-nut oil for 6 weeks, produced no increase in enzyme activity. The level of ornithine decarboxylase activity in the UV-irradiated mice fed diet A was significantly higher than in mice fed the B or C diet. In the SKH-1 mice, ornithine decarboxylase activity was increased by 3 weeks and was significantly higher in mice fed diet C than in mice fed diet A. There was no significant effect of dietary fat on UV-induced skin tumor incidence ". 

Bosin forms an important ingredient In the compo-eition of yellow soap, and is a partial substitute for fixed oil or fat it is not analogous to the latter in chemical. constitution, nor can It, like those bodies, form with an alkali a proper soap by itself. Colophony contains no glycerin, nor any equivalent for that substance,... 

Lipids are esters of long-chain fatty acids and alcohols or of closely related derivatives. The chief difference between these substances is the type of alcohol in fixed oils and fats, glycerol combines with the fatty acids in waxes, the alcohol has a higher molecular weight, e.g., cetyl alcohols. 

The mace oleoresin is amber to dark red in colour 7 kg of mace oleoresin are equivalent to 100 kg of freshly ground spice. Mace butter, which has fixed oils and volatiles, has 60% unsaturated fats and 40% saturated fats. Ground mace contains vitamin A, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sodium and calcium. East Indian mace oil contained a-pinene (16.3%), 3-pinene (10.6%),... 

Dried, ripe coriander fruit contain steam-volatile oil, fixed (fatty) oil, proteins, cellulose, pentosans, tannins, calcium oxalate and minerals. The major constituents are fibre (23-36%), carbohydrates (about 20%), fatty oil (16-28%) and proteins (11-17%). The residues remaining after distillation of the essential oil contain high fat and protein, which is useful as animal feed. 

The seeds contain some volatile oil, resin and a large amount of fixed oil (Meisner, 1818). The fruit (without the seeds) contains volatile oil, resin, fat, tannin, pectin and mucilage. The volatile oil (oil of star-anise) amounts to about 4-5% and is almost identical with oil of anise (from P. anisum, LinnS). Star-anise oil from Chinese fruit has a specific gravity at 15°C (59°F) of 0.980-0.990 and its known constituents are anethol, phel-landrene, safrol and hydro-quinone-ethyl-ether (Fliickiger, 1879). Poisonous sikimin has been detected in the fruit (Eykmann, 1881), while Schlegel (1885) found a crystalline principle of a pronounced odour of musk. He also found saponin in the watery extract. 

Oleic Acid occurs as a colorless to pale yellow, oily liquid when freshly prepared, but upon exposure to air it gradually absorbs oxygen and darkens. It is an unsaturated acid obtained from fats. When strongly heated in air, it decomposes and produces acrid vapors. Its specific gravity is about 0.895. It is practically insoluble in water, but is miscible with alcohol, with ether, and with fixed and volatile oils. 

Fixed Oils, Fats, and Rosin Passes test. 

Fixed Oils, Fats, and Rosin Use 10 g of sodium hydroxide and 50 mL of water to digest 10 g of sample at 100° for 30 min. Separate the water layer, and add an excess of 2 N sulfuric acid to it. No oily or solid matter separates. 

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