Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometr

C. E. Heine, J. F. Holland, and J. T. Watson. Influence of the Ratio of Matrix to Analyte on the Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometric Response of Peptides Sampled from Aqueous Glycerol. Anal. Chem., 61(1989) 2674-2682. 

Ackermann, B. L., Tsarbopoulos, A. and Allison, J., Fast atom bombardment mass-spectrometric studies of the aluminum chloride N-butylpyridinium chloride molten-salt. Anal. Chem., 57,1766,1985. 

Abdulsada, A. K. et al., A fast-atom-bombardment mass-spectrometric study of room-temperature l-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloroaluminate(Iii) ionic liquids Evidence for the existence of the decachlorotrialuminate(Iii) anion. Org. Mass Spec., 28, 759, 1993. 

Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometric Technique and Ion Guns... 

A. Dell, M. E. Rogers, J. E. Oates, T. H. Huckerby, P. N. Sanderson, and I. A. Nieduszynski, Fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometric strageties for sequencing sulphated oligosaccharides, Carbohydr. Res., 179 (1988) 7-19. 

A. Dell, J. E. Thomas-Oates, M. E. Rogers, and P. R. Tiller, Novel fast atom bombardment mass spectrometric procedures for glycoprotein analysis, Biochimie, 70 (1988) 1435-1444. 

Kusmierz, X X Sumrada, R. Desiderio, D. M. 1990. Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometric quantitative analysis of methionine-enkephalin in human pituitary tissues. Anal Chem., 62,2395-2400. 

M. Katagi, M. Tatsuno, M. Nishikawa and H. Tsuchihashi, On-line solid-phase extraction liquid chromatography-continuous flow frit fast atom bombardment mass spectrometric and tandem mass spectrometric determination of hydrolysis products of nerve agents alkyl methylphosphonic acids by p-bromophenacyl derivatization, J. Chromatogr., A, 833, 169-179 (1999). 

Phospholipase D. This enzyme will attack phosphatidylserine with the liberation of serine and formation of phosphatidic acid. The methodology is exactly the same as the one outlined in Chapter 4. The source of enzyme can be Streptomyces chromofuscus or cabbage, and products of its action are recovered in a chloroform-soluble and a water-soluble fraction. All of the lipid P should be in the chloroform-soluble fraction, and all of the serine should be in the water-soluble fraction. The phosphatidic acid can be identified by its thin-layer chromatographic behavior and its fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometric pattern. Serine can be identified by the procedures outlined earlier. 

Montaudo, G. Scamporrino, E. Vitalini, D. and Rapisardi, R. Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometric analysis of the partial ozonolysis products of polyfisoprene) and popy(chloroprene). J. Polym. Sci. Rart A, 1992,30, 525. 

Lanne, B., Olsson, B. -M., Larson, T., Karlsson, K. -A. (1996). Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometric analysis of glycosphingolipids by direct desorption from thin layer chromatography plates application of the method to a receptor-active 8-sugar glycolipid. Eur. Mass Spectrom. 2 361—368. 

FAST ATOM BOMBARDMENT MASS SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS Using dithiothieitol/dithioerythritol (3 1) as a matrix, tiie protonated molecular ion (mA 2540) for the recrystallized P-cyclodextrin-tolbutamide complex, together with strong potassium adduct (m/z 2578) and weak sodium adduct (m 2562) peaks are cleariy detected (Figure 9). This is a strong indication of a 2 1 complex which is consistent with the integration data of IhNMR. 

The development of mass spectrometric techniques, such as fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS), ° ° Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS), ° and tandem mass spectrometry (MS"), ° allowed enantiodiscrimination of chiral ion-dipole complexes the gas phase. These techniques and others will be illustrated in detail in the next Section 3. 

Fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS) has been applied to the identification of diterpenoid compounds and their oxidation products. Similarly, laser-induced desorption mass spectrometric (LDMS) techniques have been applied to the identification of natural and synthetic organic pigments in microscopic paint samples prepared as cross sections [60]. 

In conclusion, I hope that I have shown that fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry is a potentially useful tool for the synthetic chemist working in many areas of inorganic, organometallic, and coordination chemistry. In addition, as further fundamental research is done in the field with these applications in mind, the technique should become as routine as IR or NMR. Combined with developments in high-resolution NMR of solids, FAB should provide particularly useful data on supported catalytic reactions. Certainly FAB and the other complementary mass spectrometric techniques, mentioned in less detail, constitute a major way of quickly characterizing new compounds. 

Mass spectrometry is a standard spectroscopic technique for the characterisation of high molecular weight organic and inorganic compounds, but has until recently received little attention from the zeolite community. The surface composition of zeolites has been explored using fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FABMS)[66] and secondary ion mass spectrometry [67], but mass spectrometric analysis of the bulk composition of a zeolite or of adsorbed molecules has not until very recently been attempted. The practical difficulty is to vaporise the solid. Two different strategies have been proposed laser ablation and plasma desorption. 

S. Hillenkamp, F De Vries, M.S. Comparative Mass Spectrometric Analyses of Photofrin Oligomers by Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry, UV and IR Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/lonization Mass Spectrometry, Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry and Laser Desorption/Jet-Cooling Photoionization Mass Spectrometry, J. Mass Spectrom. 34, 661-669 (1999). Powell, K.D. Fitzgerald, M.C. Accuracy and Precision of a New H/D Exchange- and Mass Spectrometry-Based Technique for Measuring the Thermodynamic Properties of Protein-Peptide Complexes, Biochemistry 42,4962-4970 (2003). 

A variety of mass spectrometric approaches have been used for determining the isotopic composition and concentration of trace elements in biological matrices. The more commonly used are thermal ionization-mass spectrometry (TI-MS) [5,8], inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) [7,9], fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry (FAB-MS) [10-12], and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) [4]. 

To achieve sufficient vapor pressure for El and Cl, a nonvolatile liquid will have to be heated strongly, but this heating may lead to its thermal degradation. If thermal instability is a problem, then inlet/ionization systems need to be considered, since these do not require prevolatilization of the sample before mass spectrometric analysis. This problem has led to the development of inlet/ionization systems that can operate at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperatures. Successive developments have led to the introduction of techniques such as fast-atom bombardment (FAB), fast-ion bombardment (FIB), dynamic FAB, thermospray, plasmaspray, electrospray, and APCI. Only the last two techniques are in common use. Further aspects of liquids in their role as solvents for samples are considered below. 

Enzell, C.R., Francis, G.W., and Liaaen-Jensen, S., Mass spectrometric studies of carotenoids. 2. Survey of fragmentation reactions, Acto Chem. Scand., 3, 727, 1969. Van Breemen, R.B., Schmitz, H.H., and Schwartz, S.J., Fast atom bombardment tandem mass spectrometry of carotenoids, J. Agric. Food Chem., 43, 384, 1995. 

Fast atom bombardment 367 6.4 Direct mass-spectrometric polymer ... 

Principles and Characteristics In the early mass-spectrometric ionisation techniques, such as El and Cl, the sample needs to be present in the ionisation source in its gaseous phase. Volatilisation by applying heat renders more difficult the analysis of thermally labile and involatile compounds, including highly polar samples and those of very high molecular mass. Although chemical derivatisation may be used to improve volatility and thermal stability, many compounds have eluded mass-spectrometric analysis until the emergence of fast atom bombardment (FAB) [72]. 

Plavsic, Srzic and Klasinc performed a detailed electron impact mass spectrometric investigation of alkyllithium compounds . They have concluded that MeLi, /-PrLi, 5-BuLi and r-BuLi consist of tetrameric clusters only, while n-PrLi, n-BuLi and i-BuLi form mixtures of tetramers and hexamers, in the gas phase. Fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry was used by Abdul-Sada, Greenway and Seddon to show that the extent of aggregation of f-BuLi is tetrameric while n-BuLi is hexameric (Table 1). Nevertheless, for both alkyllithium compounds the ion corresponding to (RLi)Li+ is the most abundant in the spectrum, as also shown in other studies of alkyllithium vapor. 

Figure A.3A.1 Flow chart illustrating the selection of a suitable ionization technique for the mass spectrometric analysis of a sample. Abbreviations APCI, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization Cl, chemical ionization El, electron impact FAB, fast atom bombardment MALDI, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization.

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