Farm management

Wirtschaits-. economic, industrial, business, commercial, -betrieb, m. household management farm management, -krieg, m. eco nomic warfare, -lehre, / economics. 

Generation of data on the nutrient content of agricultural products and foods forms the basis for estimating nutrient intakes of populations via dietary surveys, nutritional labelling for consumer protection, nutrition education for consumer food choice, home and institution menu planning and food purchase, and for research in nutrient requirements and metabolism, toxicant chemical composition is used to assess effects of farm management practices, crop culture, and food processing on chemical content and implications for human health. 

The methods recommended above for mitigation of on-farm GHG emissions in the fluid milk supply chain were obtained from years of research that evaluated the impact of various practices on each GHG. The research was typically conducted on experimental farm plots under a particular farm management system meaning that the data are relevant for that system with a particular soil type, herd size, and climate, for example, and may not apply to a different farm management system. The impact of a particular mitigation procedure for one GHG on another is also relatively unknovm as well as the impact of the mitigation on more complex interactions such as the total C and N throughout the farm. 

Amies, S.J. (1981) Block calving the dairy herd. Farm Management Services Report 26, Milk Marketing Board, Reading. 

Poole, A.H. Mabey, SJ. (1987). An Analysis of Farm Management Services Costed Mixed Farms 1986-7. Farm Marketing Services Report 58, Milk Marketing Board, Reading. 

Lampkin, N. Measures, M. (1994) Organic Farm Management Handbook. University of Wales, Aberystwyth and Elm Farm Research Centre, Newbury. 

To improve the ability to establish best practice with respect to manure use and prevention of pathogen transfer (especially on farms which are converting to organic farm management), a hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP)-based quality assurance system has been proposed (Haward and Leifert, 1999). This proposed four main critical control points (CCPs) (see Table 19.4). 

Thomas, A.G., Leeson, J.Y. and Van Acker, R.C. (1999). Farm Management Practices in Manitoba, 1997 Manitoba Weed Survey Questionnaire Results, Weed Survey Series Publication 99-3. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK, 296 pp. 

Pesticides are considered a necessary evil however, it has been estimated that without their use food expenditure for western families would more than double (Zilberman et al. 1991) and, much worse, food shortage would be more acute in many third world countries about 40% crop production would be lost, according to FAO. Pest and pesticide control is probably the sector where a really integrated view of farm management is most required certainly, pest treatments by calendar as largely in use till a few years ago and still in use today here and there are unsustainable. The principles of targeting interventions according to real need as advocated... 

The protection of ground and surface water has major environmental priority because any contamination may cause a risk for its use in human and animal nutrition and may disturb aquatic biocoenosis. The OECD-indicator list (OECD 1997) subsummarises state and risk assessment approaches under this issue. We will confine our efforts to indicators that are appropriate to evaluate the impact of different farm management practices. 

Rhone-Poulenc (1997). Rhdne-Poulenc Agriculture. Farm Management Study. 7 Annual Report. Ongar Rhone-Poulenc. 

Also, there are effective alternatives to antibiotics, such as vaccines, to prevent diseases. NRDC also advocated changing certain farm management practices, such as reducing the crowding of animals In feedlots, which should reduce stress and transmission of diseases. Both of those actions It was said should reduce the need for disease prevention. NRDC pointed out that It Is not advocating a ban of penclllln and the tetracyclines used at therapeutic levels to treat diseases. 

Mukherjee, A., Speh, D., and Diez-Gonzalez, F. (2007). Association of farm management practices with risk of Escherichia coli contamination in pre-harvest produce grown in Minnesota and Wisconsin. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 120,296-302. 

The reasons for both the nicarbazin and sulfonamide contamination were not established but might result from feed contamination or on-farm management practices. The lasalocid contamination has been shown to be due to trace level carryover during feed production. As a result, the formulation of the lasalocid was changed from a powder to a granular form to reduce the carryover. 

To maintain and conserve genetic diversity through attention to on-farm management of genetic resources. 

Ryan, M.H., Chilvers, G.A., Dumaresq, D.C. 1994. Colonisation of wheat by VA-mycorrhizal fungi was found to be higher on a farm managed in an organic manner than on a conventional neighbour. Plant and Soil 160 33-40. 

There are publications within the organic movement that relate the occurrence of specific weeds to specific soil conditions and that refer to the possibility of weeds being indicators of soil status (e.g. Pfeiffer 1970, Walters 1996). The presence of a given weed therefore suggests that the land has too much or too little of a certain soil feature (e.g. drainage, pH, copper levels) that may be modified by the farm manager. Although many of the recommendations are based on careful observation and commonsense, some of the relationships have not been conclusively established. 

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