Farm economics

We are presently going through a critical phase of conversion in agriculture requiring solutions for reconciling widely differing dimensions, namely, agricultural productivity, farm economic sustainability, environmental protection and social aspects. 

Department of Farm Economics, University of Hohenheim, Germany Dr Nicolas Lampkin... 

Institute of Farm Economics and Rural Studies, Federal Agricultural Research Centre, Braunschweig (FAL), Germany Prof Dr Ralfaele Zanoli... 

University of Hohenheim/Department of Farm Economics 410A, 2000. 

I. Organic farming. 2. Agricultural ecology. 3. Organic farming - Economic aspects. 

In the triazine benefits studies, there have been three methods used to estimate the on-farm economic effects. These are expert opinion of weed specialists, expert opinion combined with farmer surveys, and the CEEPES method. NAPIAP (1992), Danielson et al. (1993) Morrison et al. (1994), and Pike et al. (1994) follow the first method, while Battelle (1989,1993) uses the second method. 

Demand fluctuations are difficult to predict because of the variety of factors that influence fertilizer demand and farm economics in any given year. Demand from the explosives industry has been more stable. This is because demand from the coal mining industry accounts for two-thirds of total US explosives consumption. And coal production has grown from 1.06 billion tons per year in... 

The need to secure farm economic viability in the short-term results in few farms achieving a systems approach (El-Hage and Hattam 2002). 

Berry, B. Flood Plain Data Sampling, Coding, and Storing Agriculture Handbook 237 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Farm Economics Division and Economic Research Service Washington, DC, 1962. 

The relatively short-run orientation of crop studies and farm economics works to exclude even those long-run results of interest to the... 

Not surprisingly, costs are several times higher than conventional wells. Nevertheless, overall project economics may favour ERD over other development options. For example, BP developed the offshore part of the Wytch Farm Oilfield (which is located under Poole Harbour in Dorset, UK) from an onshore location. The wells targeted the reservoir at a vertical depth of 1,500 meters with a lateral displacement of over 8,000 meters (Fig. 3.20). The alternative was to build a drilling location on an artificial island in Poole Bay. ERD probably saved a considerable amount of money and advanced first oil by several years. 

The reason for the popularity of anhydrous ammonia is its economy. No further processing is needed and it has a very high (82.2%) nitrogen content. Additionally if held under pressure or refrigerated, ammonia is a Hquid. Being a Hquid, pipeline transport is practical and economical. A network of overland pipelines (Fig. 4) is in operation in the United States to move anhydrous ammonia economically from points of production near natural gas sources to points of utilization in farming areas (see Pipelines). 

Milk has been a source for food for humans since the beginning of recorded history. Although the use of fresh milk has increased with economic development, the majority of consumption occurs after milk has been heated, processed, or made into butter. The milk industry became a commercial enterprise when methods for preservation of fluid milk were introduced. The successful evolution of the dairy industry from small to large units of production, ie, the farm to the dairy plant, depended on sanitation of animals, products, and equipment cooling faciUties health standards for animals and workers transportation systems constmction materials for process machinery and product containers pasteurization and sterilization methods containers for distribution and refrigeration for products in stores and homes. 

Coccidiosis is a widespread disease that occurs most often in fowl, such as chickens and turkeys, and other farm animals (cows, sheep, swine, horses, and rabbits) (11). In chickens the disease has caused severe economic losses. Coccidiosis also occurs in ox, water buffalo, zebu, bighorn sheep, wild goat, alpaca, Hon, puma, fox, mink, parakeet, Canada goose, snow goose, and camel, among others. It is seen only rarely in humans, and dogs and cats are only occasionally infected. 

Further chapters cover in detail the characteristics and applications of galvanic anodes and of cathodic protection rectifiers, including specialized instruments for stray current protection and impressed current anodes. The fields of application discussed are buried pipelines storage tanks tank farms telephone, power and gas-pressurized cables ships harbor installations and the internal protection of water tanks and industrial plants. A separate chapter deals with the problems of high-tension effects on pipelines and cables. A study of costs and economic factors concludes the discussion. The appendix contains those tables and mathematical derivations which appeared appropriate for practical purposes and for rounding off the subject. 

Wirtschaits-. economic, industrial, business, commercial, -betrieb, m. household management farm management, -krieg, m. eco nomic warfare, -lehre, / economics. 

USDA Economic Research Service (2007). Changes in the size and location of U.S. dairy farms, http //www.ers.usda.gov/publications/err47/err47b.pdf. (accessed 22.10.2010). 

---