Inspection external

A cylinder must be checked as outlined in the following paragraphs for corrosion, general distortion, or any other defect that might indicate a weakness which would render it unfit for service. Equipment should be available to allow for inspection of the cylinder bottom, as this area is especially susceptible to corrosion. 

Cylinder sidewalls and bottoms must be in a condition that allows adequate visual inspection. If paint or other material has accumulated on the cylinder thick enough to prohibit full view of possible sidewall and bottom defects, such accumulation must be removed so that the surface can be adequately inspected. Removal of rust, scale, caked paint, or other foreign substances from the exterior surface may be accomplished by shot blasting, sand blasting, chemical stripping, sanding, or whatever approved method is available. 

It is beyond the scope of this presentation to fix corrosion limits for all types, designs, and sizes of cylinders and include them here. General criteria for low pressure and high pressure steel cylinders is given in the following paragraphs. 

Low Pressure Steel Cylinders, For low pressure steel cylinders, failure to meet any of the following four general rules is cause for condemning the cylinder  

Representative Cylinder Wall Thickness, To use the above criteria, it is necessary to know the minimum allowable wall thickness at manufacture. Table 9-1 provides the minimum allowable wall thickness for a number of common size low pressure steel cylinders. 

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External Inspect drums before use corrosion. CCPS G-3 CCPS G-22 CCPS G-29... 

Are all external inspection, testing, and calibration laboratories compliant with the requirements of ISO/IEC 17025 ... 

The degree and frequency of external inspection of equipment and piping under insulation is site specific. The API 570 Piping Inspection Code has added this note of caution The extent of a Corrosion Under Insulation Inspection program may vary depending on the local climate warmer, marine locations may require a very active program, whereas cooler, drier, mid-continent locations may not need as extensive a program. [16]... 

Visual external inspections (or in-service inspections) should be made regularly to operating vessels to help ensure the integrity of the vessel. The frequency of this inspection should... 

Visual external inspections are often made with the normal physical limitations of accessibility and visibility that exists at the time of the inspection. Normally, for the removal of insulation, scaffolds or man-lifts are not employed during frequent external inspections unless tell-tale conditions warrant a closer examination. In those cases, the difficulty of access to any portion of the tank should not be permitted to prevent a thorough inspection. 

Consider the following items during an external inspection, whenever applicable ... 

Visual external inspections (or in-service inspections) should be made regularly to operating vessels to help ensure the integrity of the vessel. The frequency of this inspection should be site-specific, between semiannually and once every three years for most chemical plant processes, depending on the aggressiveness of the chemical plant atmosphere. However, API 510 will accept intervals up to once every five years. 

The primary impetus for the maintenance of compliance, however, is the regular external inspection by the Inspectorate. In addition, it is now becoming frequent for independent consultants to be brought in to do preregulatory inspections. Whichever way one views the system, whether through consultation or by assigning a department to perform inspections in one area and to conduct audits in another, the regular review of compliance should be maintained. 

Apart from direct observation, which must also be undertaken, the sponsor company management, sponsor company auditors and external inspection units can only be sure of correct adherence to formal training requirements by correct and meticulous record keeping. All training and development in the pharmaceutical industry must be recorded and maintained. 

Piping External inspection for flange flare and weep holes Internal inspection when available ... 

The plant management should allocate in writing the responsibihty for receiving on the site any materials, spare parts and components, and should issue a special procedure to control the receiving and acceptance process. This procedure should include visual external inspection for transit damage or deterioration, and verification... 

Certified and controlled according to well-defined procedures to be apphed to the plant manufacturing process and regularly tested by an external inspection body... 

The applicable codes and standards provide criteria for external inspections for such items as foundation and supports, anchor bolts, concrete or steel supports, guy wires, nozzles and sprinklers, pipe hangers, grounding connections, protective coatings and insulation, and external metal surfaces of piping and vessels, etc. These codes and standards also provide information on methodologies for internal inspection, and a frequency formula based on the corrosion rate of the materials of construction. Also, erosion both internal and external needs to be considered along with corrosion effects for piping and valves. Where... 

In these cases the competent person is usually a specialist inspector from an external inspection organization. Many of these organizations are linked to the insurance companies who cover the financial risks of the pressure vessei. 

Inspections must be determined and carried out by competent persons. An inspection will vary from a simple visual external inspection to a detailed comprehensive inspection which may include some dismantling and/or testing. However, the level of inspection would normally be less than that required for a thorough examination under, for example, LOLER for certain items of lifting equipment. 

DOT and TC state that results of required periodic inspections of a cylinder must be recorded, and a copy kept by the owner or the owner s authorized agent either until the expiration of the retest period or until the cylinder is again reinspected or retested, whichever occurs first [1, 2]. Also, a cylinder that passes the re-qualification procedure must have the date permanently stamped on the cylinder in the prescribed manner. Note An E is to follow the date (month and year) when requalification by the visual external inspection method is allowed in lieu of hydrostatic retesting. 

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