Flange flares

Figure 28. Some methods used for flanging, flaring or bordering tubing...

Flanges. Flaring of flanges and gasketing underneath the flared flanges. 

Piping External inspection for flange flare and weep holes Internal inspection when available ... 

All but two of the bolts Joining the relief valve to the flare header are removed. The sealing plate is then inserted between the relief valve and the flare header. It is secured by special bolts with small heads that pass through the bolt holes in the relief-valve flange but not through the holes in the sealing plate. The last two bolts can then be removed and the relief valve removed. To replace the relief valve the procedure is reversed [2]. 

Air emissions include point and nonpoint sources (Chapter 4). Point sources are emissions that exit stacks and flares and thus can be monitored and treated. Nonpoint sources are fugitive emissions that are difficult to locate and capture. Fugitive emissions occur throughout refineries and arise from the thousands of valves, pumps, tanks, pressure relief valves, flanges, and so on. Although individual leaks are typically small, the sum of all fugitive leaks at a refinery can be one of its largest emission sources. 

Tensile testing or a hardness test is a basic requirement of most metal specifications. Some product specifications also require impact-testing, bend and other ductility tests, proof testing, flange or flare tests. The size of the sample may limit which tests can be performed. Macro, superficial, and micro-hardness tests are routinely done in failure analysis even if the original product specification did not require them. 

Thermal Analysis Apparatus. Mixtures to be examined by thermal analysis were contained in a nickel sample tube with a bottom well to admit the tip of the thermocouple. The sample tube was bolted through a Teflon-gasketed flange to a bellows-valve which could be attached to a vacuum manifold by a flare fitting. The volume of the sample tube was about 4.9 ml. when the valve was closed. 

FIG. 6.12. (Right) Flaring and flanging tube ends, (a) Tlie tool is moved away from the tube centre-line to flare tlie plastic glass, (b) Finished flared end. (c) A flanged end, made by taking tlie metliods of (a) a step farther. 

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