Explosive Property

The explosive decomposition of nitroglycerine is generally expressed by the following equation  

According to Naoiim s [22] calculations the heat of explosion ought to amount in this case to 1485 kcal/kg, the volume of gases V0 = 715.7 l./kg (or after condensation of water 469 l./kg), the temperature 3185°C (this number is repeated by the author after Hess [70]) thence the force / = 9292 m. 

It has been established experimentally by Sarrau and Vieille [71] that the volume of gases, after the water vapour had been condensed, is 465 l./kg, i.e. a value very close to the value obtained by calculation. However, the composition of the gases found by these authors is different, probably in consequence of the incomplete explosive decomposition of nitroglycerine under the conditions of the experiment (calorimeter bomb). 

After condensation of water vapour, the following composition has been established for the gases  

As reported by Bowden and Yoffe [72] the composition of the gaseous products evolved during explosion of nitroglycerine depends on the method of initiating 

At a temperature below the melting point nitroguanidine is said to be relatively stable—more so than nitric esters and similar in stability to aromatic nitro compounds. 

Attention has been paid to nitroguanidine as an explosive since Vieille [28] found that the gases from the decomposition of nitroguanidine are less erosive than those from the decomposition of other explosives of comparable power (Table 4). 

Substance Charge g Pressure, kg/cm2 Erosion per Specific pressure / m 

Vieille expressed the opinion that nitroguanidine is less erosive than other explosives of the same power due to its low temperature of explosion. On the basis of experiments with a manometric bomb Patart [55] calculated the following data for nitroguanidine as an explosive  

Such a low temperature of explosion was very surprising and the author appears to have been in doubt as to its validity. Indeed, Muraour and Aunis [56] have shown that the temperature of explosion of nitroguanidine may, in fact, be much higher. They pointed out that nitroguanidine ignites with difficulty and undergoes incomplete explosive decomposition. That is why the explosion temperature, as reported by Patart, is so low. 

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An alternative method for ascertaining the end of the reaction, which does not involve the removal of the cover, is to conduct the exit gas through an empty wash bottle (to eict as a trap in case of sucking back ) and then collect a sample in a test-tube over water. If an inflammable gas (hydrogen) is absent, the reaction may be considered complete. Under no circumstances should the reaction be stopped until all the sodium has completely reacted too early arrest of the reaction may result in the product containing sodium hydride, which appears to be partially responsible for the explosive properties of the impure substance ... 

Excess of ozone should be avoided since further oxidation may occur to oxozonides or perozonides. ) The ozonides are usually not isolated since they are generally viscid oils or glasses, sometimes with violently explosive properties particularly on warming. They can, however, be completely... 

T. R. Gibbs and A. Popolato, eds., EASE Explosive Property Data, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1980. 

S. R. Brinkley and W. E. Gordon, "Explosive Properties of the Ammonium Nitrate-Fuel Oil System," in Proceedings of 31st Inst. Congress of Industrial Chemisty, Liege, Belg., 1958. 

Esters of nitro alcohols with primary alcohol groups can be prepared from the nitro alcohol and an organic acid, but nitro alcohols with secondary alcohol groups can be esterified only through the use of an acid chloride or anhydride. The nitrate esters of the nitro alcohols are obtained easily by treatment with nitric acid (qv). The resulting products have explosive properties but are not used commercially. 

There are situations where thermal oxidation may be preferred over catalytic oxidation for exhaust streams that contain significant amounts of catalyst poisons and/or fouling agents, thermal oxidation may be the only technically feasible control where extremely high VOC destmction efficiencies of difficult to control VOC species are required, thermal oxidation may attain higher performance and for relatively rich VOC waste gas streams, ie, having >20 25% lower explosive limit (LEL), the gas stream s explosive properties and the potential for catalyst overheating may require the addition of dilution air to the waste gas stream (12). 

Flammability information Flash point Fire point Flammable limits (LEL, UEL) Ignition temperature Spontaneous heating Toxic thermal degradation products Vapour pressure Dielectric constant Electrical resistivity Electrical group Explosion properties of dust in a fire... 

Flammable solids and organic peroxides having, as tested, explosive properties and which are packed in such a way that the classification procedure would require the use of an explosives label as a subsidiary risk label. Dangerous goods listed in Table 15.9... 

TABLE 3.1. Explosion Properties of Flammable Gases and Vapors in Air at Atmospheric Conditions ... 

FPN) Since there is no consistent relationship between explosion properties and ignition temperature, the two are independent requirements. 

Note that no consistent relationship exists between explosion properties and ignition temperatures. 

Explosive Properties. In the gas phase it expl on contact with a flame or an elec Spark (Ref... 

Mixtures of Methylamine Nitrate with Compounds which have Explosive Properties. A mixt with 70—80% AN is called Nitramite No 2 in Fr (Ref 2). When detond with 2g of MF in 30mm tubes it has a deton vel of 2550m/sec at a d of l.OOg/cc and3250m/sec at 1.25g/cc (Ref 2). Mixts of Methylamine Nitrate with AN, Ca nitrate, or Na nitrate form low melting eutectics which are castable expls (Ref 1). A soln of 200g of Methylamine Nitrate in 800 lbs of methyl ale is a useful fuel for turbojets (Ref... 

Explosive properties, impact sensy 120% of PA, power by Pb block expansion 74% of PA (Ref 11)... 

Minols are gray in color, have densities ranging between 1.62 and 1.74g/cc, and are cast loaded. They resemble Torpex in explosive properties, but are less brisant. They exhibit dimensional instability when exposed to thermal cycling during long term storage... 

Table 1 details the physical, chemical and explosive properties of Minols II and IV... 

Hopper, Study Explosive Properties of Nitrogen Sulphide and Compositions Containing It , PATR 919 (1938) 14) Ibid, PATR 978... 

Explosive Properties It is a sensitive and powerful expl (Ref 9). Mixts of N trichloride, H, Cl expld with a bright flash (Ref 10). It also explds violently on heating, exposure to light, or on contact with org compds (Ref 8) Qe ca —55 kcal/mole (Ref 11)... 

Explosive Properties. N trifluoride is the most stable of the N halides, but it can detonate in the presence of hydrazoic acid (Ref 13) or org compds (Ref 10). Ozone, which is one by-prod of the electrolysis of Amm bifluoride, was found by Ruff and coworkeis to cause violent expins in the reaction vessels and gas lines. They found that the ozone could be removed by passing the off-gas thru pyrolusite, thus reducing considerably the expin hazard (Ref 1). It also decomps explosively above 100° (Ref 2)... 

Explosive Properties. It undergoes an expl reaction with H2, but concn and temp limits of the expin were not reproducible in Pyrex or stainless steel reactors, probably due to the presence or absence of Initiating radicals on the walls. The results became more reproducible after the walls were coated with silicone oil. Addn of tetrafluorohydrazine to H2/difluoramine or H2/N trifluoride mixts caused immediate explns (Ref 9). It also can expld on contact with reducing agents or from high press produced by shock wave or blast (Ref 11)... 

EXPLOSIVE PROPERTIES OF NITROSTARCH (AFTER HACKEL T. URBANSKI)... 

Prepd by the addn of perfluoroguanidine to PEMN followed by fluorination of the adduct. Procedures for the prepn of this type compd are described in Refs 3,4 5 Explosive Properties. Qf —158kcal/mole, Qe I599cal/g impact sensy PA app 5.1cm (PETN 30cm) fricn sensy measured as grit hardness for expln 4 (PETN above 9) (Ref 2)... 

Explosive Properties. Qf —147kcal/mole Qe 1582cal/g impact sensy on PA app is 5cm (NG 10cm), on Bruceton app 2.3cm (NG 10cm)... 

Explosive Properties. Relatively little information has been published on the ex pi props of... 

Explosive Properties. Aq so Ins of perchloric ac are insensitive and nonexpl up to their boiling... 

Explosive Properties ofTetra-ammoniate. Explosion Temperature. 305° (Ref 5)... 

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