Explosive properties hydrogen peroxide

Properties Clear colorless sympy llq., odorless, sweet taste sol. in water, alcohol insol. in ether, benzene, chlotofonn m.w. 92.09 dens. 1.26201 (25/25 C) m.p. 17.8 C b.p. 290 C (dec ) flash pt. (OC) 176 C ref. index 1.4730 (25 C) Toxicology LD50 (oral, rat) > 20 ml/kg, (IV, rat) 4.4 ml/kg poison by subcut. route mildly toxic by ing. human systemic and Gl effects by Ing. skin and eye IrrIlanI nuisance dust human mutagenic data TSCA listed Precaution Combustible liq. exposed to heat, flame, strong oxidizers highly explosive with hydrogen peroxide ignites on contact with calcium hypochlorite explosive mixts. and violent reactions possible with many chems. 

Some ketone-derived peroxides have explosive properties, of which the most interesting are obtained from acetone. Four acetone-derived peroxides have been synthesized. Acetone peroxide dimer (48) is obtained in 94 % yield by treating acetone with a slight excess of 86 % hydrogen peroxide in acetonitrile in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid at subambient temperature. The reaction of acetone with potassium persulfate in dilute sulfuric acid also yields acetone peroxide dimer (48). Acetone peroxide trimer (49), also known as triacetone triperoxide (TATP), has been obtained as a by-product of these reactions or by the addition of... 

The Germans used hydrogen peroxide of 80-85% concentration, alone or in mixtures with combustibles, as a fuel for the big V2 rockets during World War II. The utilization of hydrogen peroxide for rocket propulsion and the explosive properties of hydrogen peroxide and its mixtures will be discussed in later sections (pp. 299, 307). 

The exothermic character of the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide indicates that hydrogen peroxide itself may have explosive properties. In fact 99.6% hydrogen peroxide gives a lead block expansion of 75-80 cm3. In a steel tube with 34-40 mm... 

Hexamethylenetriperoxidediamine is the only organic peroxide which has been considered seriously as an explosive. Its explosive properties commend it, but it is too reactive chemically and too unstable to be of practical use. It is most conveniently prepared by treating hexamethylenetetramine with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of citric acid which promotes the reaction by combining with the ammonia which is liberated. 

Concentrated (88-86%) hydrogen peroxide. It is employed in liquid fuel rocket engines as -> Oxidizer or, after catalytic decomposition, as -> Monergoi. For its explosive properties, see Haeuseler, Explosiv-stoffe 1, pp. 6-68 (1953). 

This compound is formed from acetone in sulfuric acid solution when acted upon by 45% hydrogen peroxide. It displays the properties of primary explosives. It is not used in practice because of its tendency to sublimation. 

Explosive properties of hydrogen peroxide and its mixtures Hydrazine... 

Physicoexplosive properties Oxidation of hydrazine by hydrogen peroxide 1.1-Dimethylhydrazine (UDMH)... 

Properties White crystals or crystalline powder. Mp (decomposes) 75-78C, decomposed by moisture at temperatures around 40C. Soluble in water, alcohol, and ethylene glycol solvents such as ether and acetone extract hydrogen peroxide and may form explosive solutions. Active oxygen (min) 16%. 

Hydrazine (anhydrous) exhibits flammable, explosive, and toxic properties. It is a flammable liquid and bums in air with a violet flame the closed cup flash point is 38°C ( 100°F). The vapors of hydrazine form explosive mixtures with air over a very wide range, between 4.7 and 100% by volume in air. It ignites spontaneously when brought in contact with many porous substances, such as earth, wood, or cloth. Ignition occurs on contact with many metal oxide surfaces and on mixing with oxidizers such as nitric acid or hydrogen peroxide. It forms shock-sensitive explosive products when combined with metal perchlorates, alkali metals, or their dichromates. Spontaneous ignition occurs with fluorine, chlorine, bromine vapors, or nitrous oxide. 

In summary, liquid explosive mixtures include the ahphatic nitro compounds, nitric acid and nitrate series, the perchloric acid hydrazine series, the hydrogen peroxide series and the N2O4 series. Besides, two-component hquid explosives and emulsion liquid explosives were also reported. Consequently, the rapid development on liquid explosive mixtures has led to many different explosive types that found broad applications in various areas. For instance, hquid explosives can be used as ordinary chemical raw materials, employed in mining and underwater blasting operations, or serve as temporary filhngs for firearms. Naturally, they are deemed as emergency explosives suitable for both civihan and mihtary applications. In this chapter, we will thoroughly discuss the properties and preparative methods of hquid explosive mixtures. 

Properties of Hydrogen Peroxide Containing Liquid Explosives... 

---