Explosive ordnance properties

Respiratory inlet covering the portion of a respirator that forms the protective barrier between the user s respiratory tract and an air-purifying device or breathing air source Response activities that address the direct effects of an incident includes immediate actions to save lives, protect property, and meet basic human needs Response force the people who respond to an act of aggression depending on the nature of the threat, the response force could consist of guards, special reaction teams, military or civilian police, an explosives ordnance disposal team, or a fire department. 

Compared to RDX, the sensitivity of FOX-7 is lower than that of RDX, but its energy level is close to that of RDX. Therefore FOX-7 shows promise as an RDX replacement in explosives ordnance designed to comply with IM standards. Some of its properties are presented in Table 2.25. 

While little serious research has been conducted on the properties of TATP, this is not the case for HMTD. As previously mentioned, tests conducted by U.S. Army ordnance illustrated that HMTD was a tremendously powerful initiating explosive, exhibiting between three and four times the strength of mercury fulminate. Unfortunately, HMTD was too thermally unstable and too chemically... 

See also Section 9 Physical Tests for Determining Explosive and Other Properties of Detonators, Primers, Igniters and Fuzes in Vol 4 of Encycl, pp D1078ff Refs l)Anon, "Ordnance Explosive Train Designers Handbook , NOLTR 1111(1952), Chapters 1 2 2) Anon, "Explosive Trains ,... 

In a penalty test, a property cf the system is modified to reduce the probability of the desired result. For example, to predict safety, a particular expl train interface may be tested with a standard donor and a more sensitive acceptor conversely, to predict reliability, a less sensitive acceptor material is used. If this probability is reduced sufficiently, it is possible to obtain mixed responses (that is, some fires and some no-fires) with samples of reasonable size, and to develop data from which the mean value of the penalty and its standard deviation (as well as confidence limits) can be established. These estimates can be used iri statistical extrapolation to estimate safety or reliability under the original design conditions. The term VARICOMP (VARIation of explosive COMPosition) was coined by J.N. Ayres for a method developed at the Naval Ordnance Lab, White Oak, in the 1950 s and early 1960 s (Ref 1)... 

Stein M.E.Pollack, "Development of an Improved Rifle Bullet Impact-Sensitibity Test , PATR 2247(1956) 17)Anon, Ordnance Proof Manual , OPM 10-86. Aberdeen PG, Md(1957),p 2 (Bullet impact tests for bombs) 18)H.Will G.Silvestro, "Development of Method for Determining the Sensitivity of Explosives to Bullet Impact , Instrumentation Rept No TR 681-58, PicArsn, Dover, NJ(1958) 19)W.R. Tomlinson, Jr, "Properties of Explosives of Military Interest , PATR 1740, Revision 1(1958) by O.E.Sheffield 20)O.E.Sheffield, "Properties of Explosives of Military Interest , PATR 1740, Supplement No l(1958)(Conf) 21)W.H. 

Figure 56. C. G. Storm. Author of numerous articles and government publications on the properties, testing, and analysis of smokeless powder and high explosives. Explosives Chemist at Navy Powder Works, 1901-1909, at U. S. Bureau of Mines, 1909-1915 Directing Chemist, Aetna Explosives Company, 1915-1917 Major and Lieutenant-Colonel, Ordnance Department, 1917-1919 Research Chemist, Trojan Powder Company, 1919 Chief Explosives Chemical Engineer, Office of the Chief of Ordnance, War Department, 1919-1942 since early in 1942, Technical Director, National Fireworks, Inc.

In Section I, Chemistry of Explosives, methods were described that enable one to estimate detonation properties (detonation velocity D and detonation pressure Pcj) from the molecular structure of an explosive. This section gives an alternate method that utilizes the thermochemical properties of an explosive in order to estimate the values of these two output properties. This method was developed by M. J. Kamlet and S. J. Jacobs of the Naval Ordnance Laboratory in White Oak, MD (Ref 9) and is referred to in this text as the KJ method. 

Concerning removal of explosives from various points where they are stored, wish to state that it is DC s opinion that these explosives were purchased by, and are the property of the Research Division, and therefore cannot properly be turned back to the General Stores of the Ordnance Department. Confirmation of this can be obtained from the Pyrotechnical Division. The question of the removal of these explosives from the depots from where they are stored is a matter strictly for the Research Division to settle. 

The AUES is a very complex site. The primary focus of the investigadon under the District of Columbia s direction was the finding of bnrial sites containing CWM and explosive or chemical ordnance. As a direct and proximate result of the District s work, 655 shells (many had already leaked) and 220 bottles containing Lewisite, mnstard, bromine componnds, and other chemical warfare agents and precursors have been found. A secondary objective was to find areas of contamination. Approximately 10 percent of the properties have been found to contain elevated levels of arsenic, and about 15 required time-critical removal actions. 

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