Explosion, refrigerator

The preparation can be kept for long periods in a refrigerator, preferably in smooth, brown, alkali-free bottles it should not be kept above 20° for more than a few hours at 30°, it may undergo sudden decomposition and a serious explosion may result. 

If undiluted diacetylene is required, the experiment can be carried out in the same way, but preferably on a smaller scale. 3 Traps should then be used and the stream of nitrogen should be slower. The boiling point of diacetylene is said to be about 10°C. The solutions of diacetylene probably can be stored (under nitrogen in the refrigerator) for at least 24 h without decomposition. Though explosions have never been experienced by the authors, it is advisable to handle diacetylene with the necessary respect. 

Ammonia Used in refrigeration, chemical processes such as dye making, explosives, lacquer, fertilizer Textiles, chemicals Corrosive to copper, brass, aluminum, and zinc high concentration producing chemical burns on wet sldn... 

Attenuation Another alternative to intensification is attenuation, using a hazardous material under the least hazardous conditions. Thus large quantities of liquefied chlorine, ammonia, and petroleum gas can be stored as refrigerated liquids at atmospheric pressure instead of storing them under pressure at ambient temperature. (Leaks from the refrigeration eqmpment should also be considered, so there is probably no net gain in refrigerating quantities less than a few hundred tons.) Dyestuffs which form explosive dusts can be handled as slurries. 

Refrigeration Loss of containment of a liquefied gas under pressure and at atmospheric temperature causes immediate flashing of a large proportion of the gas. This is followed by slower evaporation of the residue. The hazard from a gas under pressure is normally much less in terms of the amount of material stored, but the physical energy released if a confined explosion occurs at high pressure is large. 

Chlororocarbon (CFG) refrigerants are inherently safer with respect to fire, explosion, and acute toxic hazards when compared to alternative refrigerants such as ammonia, propane, and sulfur dioxide. However, they are believed to cause long term environmental damage because of stratospheric ozone depletion. 

In many cases, it is not readily apparent how the potential impacts from different hazards can be translated into some common scale or measure. For example, how do you compare long term environmental damage and health risks from use of CFG refrigerants to the immediate risk of fatality from the fire, explosion, and toxicity hazards associated with many alternative refrigerants This question does not have a right answer. It is not really a scientific question, but instead it is a question of values. Individuals, companies, and society must determine how to value different kinds of risks relative to each other, and base decisions on this evaluation. 

Ammonia, when released is a toxic gas with little flammability. It is imported by sea into the 14,(XX) tonnes capacity tank at Shell UK Oil where the refrigeration maintains the temperature below the boiling point of the gas (33° C). Three ways were identified whereby several hundred tonnes of liquid ammonia could be released into the river to vaporize and disperse. The worst accident would have an accompanying explosion or fire on an ammonia carrier berthed at the unloading jetty. Next in order of severity is a ship collision and spillage into the river near the unloading jetty. The consequences of a collision between ships occurring within the area but not near the jetty were also calculated. 

Care 2,6-dibromoquinone-4-chloroimide can decompose explosively [9] so only small amounts should be stored in the refrigerator ... 

A liquid chlorine tank was kept cool by a refrigeration system that used CFCs. In 1976 the local management decided to use ammonia instead. Management w as unaware that ammonia and chlorine react to form explosive nitrogen trichloride. Some of the armnonia leaked into the chlorine, and the nitrogen trichloride that was formed exploded in a pipeline... 

In 1977. the technical press reported that a major leak from a 20,000-m liquefied propane tank in Qatar had ignited and that the resulting fire and explosion had killed seven people and caused extensive damage to the rest of the plant [18]. There had also been a leak the year before, but it had not ignited, and the tank had been repaired. The propane was stored at -42°C and atmospheric pressure. No detailed report on the incident was issued, for legal reasons, but a member of the company concerned published several papers [19-21], which gave new recommendations for t,he construction of tanks for refrigerated LFG, and it is thus possible to read between the lines and surmise what probably happened. 

Most of the chloro-fluoro-refrigerants are nonflammable and nontoxic. Ammonia does not require explosion-proof equipment, hut it will hum and is toxic and somewhat difficult to handle. The hydrocarhons propylene, ethylene, and propane are explosive and somewhat toxic and must receive proper attention to safety, as in the design of a light hydrocarbon plant. 

Dusts, particle sizes, 225 Dusts, hazard class, 521-523 Explosion characteristics, 524 Efficiency, centrifugal pumps, 200 Ejector control, 380 Ejector systems, 343, 344, 351 Air inleakage, table, 366, 367 Applications, 345 Calculations, 359-366 Chilled water refrigeration, 350 Comparison guide, 357, 375 Evacuation lime, 380, 381 Charts, 382 Example, 381 Features, 345... 

The submitters recommend that the product be stored in a stoppered brown bottle in a refrigerator. Although the material can be kept at room temperature for several weeks without noticeable decomposition, gradual evolution of carbon dioxide occurs over a period of several months, with the attendant risk of explosion. However, storage in the presence of a small amount of silica gel as a drying agent extends the shelf life of the material to more than a year. 

Some chemicals may need refrigerated storage because of high vapor pressure. If the vapors are flammable, an explosion-proof refrigerator is mandatory, despite its high cost. 

One attempted reaction of trinitromethane with impure ketone caused an explosion at refrigerator temperature. 

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