Experimental installation

Propellers are the predominant propulsive devices driving ships, although water jets are now used in some high-speed ships. An experimental installation in a small ship of a magnetohydrodynamic propulsor has been tested, but it achieved rather low propulsive efficiency. Fish-like propulsion also has been examined for possible application to ships and underwater vehicles. 

Experimental installations have been established from time to time to demonstrate the possibility of using ferrous metals in anolytes " selected to minimise polarisation and to reduce metal ionisation by making the metal passive. 

Around 1999, a 25 kg/day (about 1 tonne/year) experimental installation was set up. A 1,000 tpa installation followed, and by now Solvay is expected to have come close to completion of a full-scale plant of 17,000 plant. 

Break gallery. An experimental installation to assess the hazards of firing explosives in coal mines in the presence of breaks (see p.80). 

Although intended primarily for air-conditioning applications, these units have been successfully applied to the collection of relatively nonconducting mists such as oil. However, other process applications have been limited largely to experimental installations. The large cost advantage of these units over the Cottrell precipitator lies in the... 

Pumps for loading and unloading the tanks and devices for mechanical ly de-watering the slurry were also added to the experimental installation. 

Metal hydride sorbers were in a composition of experimental installations [4, 5] based on the metal hydride heat pump. Here we shall consider in detail features of one of installations for cold generation [4] (Fig. 3) using waste heat - hot water with temperature 80-90°C - as an energy source simulator. 

To validate models based on transfer equations or stochastic models and, especially, to develop a coherent and planned experimental investigation of the studied process, the researcher has to imagine and build up a reduced scale experimental installation (laboratory device or model, LM). The goal using this reduced scale pilot plant is to obtain the experimental data necessary to validate the models. 

In the first experimental installation, the fluid was placed initially in a reservoir and then forced out imder pressm-e exerted by nitrogen into an axisymmetrical or two-dimensional capillary. In this system, the total pressure loss is monitored [11, 14]. This is determined by using a Bourdon-type pressure gauge. The mass flow is measured by weighing and timing. 

Carbon labelled SC900 was obtained from carbonisation of a low rank coal from NW of Spain in inert atmosphere at 900°C of temperature. Experimental installation for preparation of carbons is described elsewhere [5],... 

The NO removal capacity of the carbons was determined by passing a flow of 0.5 l/min containing 1000 ppmv of NO, 6% O2, 1000 ppmv NH3 and nitrogen as a balance through a fixed bed of 15 g of carbon at 150°C. The NO concentration was measured before starting an experiment by bypassing the reactor. The effluent concentration was monitored continuously during the reaction. More details of the experimental installation and the operational procedure is described elsewhere [7]. 

The particular problem of separating mixtures of substances with similar properties when the equilibrium separation coefficient, a, does not differ greatly from unity can be solved only by using effective columns. The application of countercurrent operations in these processes is still confined to laboratory or semi-industrial experimental installations. 

In Fig. 1 a schematic drawing of the experimental installation is shown. Roughly, the... 

Experimental modelling of CO2 gas hydrate formation in pore space of wet gas saturated soils has been carried out using an experimental installation consisting of the following basic elements a pressure chamber (about 420 cm ), a refrigerator to provide temperature variability of the pressure chamber, a converter of electric signals of the... 

In contrast with conventional free-radical studies, which require special, elaborate experimental installations and careful handling, IFRs can be manipulated using conventional apparatus and precautions of normal practical organic chemistry. 

Figure 6-23. Concentration of nitrogen oxides generated in thermal air plasma with surface quenching as a function of flow enthalpy. Gas pressure 1 atm triangles correspond to experimental installation, circles to industrial installation.

Presently, at IPMash NAS of Ukraine, an experimental installation has been developed and ereeted. It is intended for developing the regimes of eoal-based produetion of high-pressure hydrogen. 

Following the Feasibility Phase, which ends in December, 1995 we intend to increase the level of details of the Reference Design. Considering that an operating experimental reactor is still distant in the future, for all purposes the Reference Design is our experimental installation and is to be used as the basis for calculations related to safety analysis, neutronics, thermohydraulics and so on. 

Figure 3.28. Experimental installation of an instrument for gravimetric measurements of adsorption processes from the liquid phase using a magnetic suspension balance. The dashed region within the adsorption vessel below the balance indicates the volume filled with liquid [3.46, 3.47]. Rubotherm GmbH, Bochum, Germany.

However, it should be noted that in this quantity also the volumes and dead spaces of all the tubes, valves, and circulation pump(s) within the experimental installation which are filled with gas during the sorption process should be included, cp. Fig. 5.13. In fact this quantity in practice must be determined experimentally by - for example - nitrogen gas expansion measurements. 

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