Exhaust smoke

Cleaning solutions Tobacco smoke Air-conditioning systems Water treatment Humidifiers Disinfectants Exhaled breath Vehicle exhausts Smoking chimneys Portable heaters Tobacco smoke Gas cookers Gas and oil heaters... 

Effer- vescent Atomization 20-340 [87] Combustion Simple, reliable, very good atomization. Low risk of plugging due to large holes. Easy maintenance. Beneficial effects on reducing soot formation exhaust smoke. Cheap. Need for separate supply of atomizing air... 

One effect of valve sleeve, piston ring, and cylinder wall wear is leakage of lubricating oil into the combustion chamber. When lubricating oil accumulates in the combustion chamber and bums with fuel, the exhaust smoke appears blue in color. Wear due to abrasion or corrosion has the same effect. At times, unbumed fuel can also appear as blue smoke if fuel droplets are finely dispersed in the exhaust. Blue smoke is a symptom of a mechanical problem rather than a fuel performance problem. 

Bosch Number A measurement of diesel exhaust smoke color clear = 0 black = 10. 

Air pollution due to smog is common in industrial areas and urban areas. Sometimes due to certain conditions in the atmosphere, fog does not clear quickly. The exhaust smoke from automobiles and factories mixes with the fog. A thick layer of fog and smoke or smog results. 

Golothan DW. 1967. Diesel engine exhaust smoke The influence of fuel properties and the effects of using barium-containing fuel additive. Society of Automotive Engineers. S.A.E.-670092, 616- 640. 

Metallic Fuels. In rocket applications where exhaust smoke is not a major concern, the use of metallic fuels adds considerable impulse to the composition. By far, the most common metal in use as a solid propellant fuel is finely divided aluminum, because of a combination of several desirable properties ... 

Uses For producing smoke the latter can be made more dense by combination with ammonia vapors. Employed in airplane exhaust smoke, in explosive type of munitions, or by spraying. 

Aircr t Gas Turbine Engine Exhaust Smoke Measurement, Aerospace... 

Calahan, J.F., Crouse, C.L., Affleck, G.E., Farrand, R.L., Dorsey, R.W., Ghumman, M.S., Pellerin, R.J., Heitkamp, D.H., Lilly, C., Feeney, J.J., and Weimer, J.T., The acute inhalation toxicity of diesel fuels (DF2 and DFl) used in vehicle exhaust smoke systems (VEESS), Technical Report ARCSL-TR-82064, Chemical Systems Laboratory, US Army Armament, Munitions and Chemical Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Edgewood, MD, 1982. 

Additives may be used to improve the fuel performance, and additives such as alkyl nitrates and nitrites (ASTM D-1839, ASTM D-4046) can improve ignition quality. Pour point depressants can improve low-temperature performance. Antismoke additives reduce exhaust smoke, which is of growing concern as more and more attention is paid to atmospheric pollution. Antioxidant and sludge dispersants may also be used, particularly with fuels formulated with cracked components, to prevent the formation of insoluble compounds that could cause line and filter plugging (ASTM D-2068, ASTM D-6371, IP 309). 

In addition to the above, higher-cetane-number fuels tend to result in easier starting, particularly in cold weather, and faster warm-up. The higher-cetane-number fuels also usually form softer and hence more readily purged combustion chamber deposits and result in reduced exhaust smoke and odor. High-speed diesel engines normally are supplied with fuels in the range of 45-55 cetane number. 

When calculating energy balance around a boiler it is important also to consider fuel and air inlet temperatures. In general fuel temperature can be neglected in boiler efficiency analysis, at least it is inside standard conditions. This temperature is more important for the performances of the fuel line and atomization process. The situation is different for inlet air its temperature can have an important impact on boiler efficiency due to the flow mass involved (compare Figure 34.4). In case the inlet air is preheated by exhaust smoke, the boiler efficiency expression doesn t change with respect to Equation 34.1. In case the air is preheated by an external source, sensible enthalpy of air has to be considered in both the denominator and the numerator. 

EXPOSURE ROUTES Inhalation (automobile exhaust, smoking, emissions from municipal waste incinerators, chemical industries and metal manufacturing industries) ingestion (wastewater facilities, groundwater near landfills) absorption occupational exposure. 

Silicalites are used for removal of organic compounds from water or from industrial exhaust smokes. Inclusion of organic molecules into the silicalite channels may impose significant conformational restrictions [83]. The reduced dimension of the channels enables the selective chromatographic use of this material [99b]. 

Following blasting, ventilation systems shall exhaust smoke and fumes to the out-... 

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