Excel for Chemis

D. B. Williams. Practical Analytical Electron Microscopy in Materials Science. Verlag Chemie International, Weinheim, 1984. A good monograph discussing the use and applications of AEM, especially at intermediate voltages. The discussion on EDS is an excellent primer for using X-ray analysis on a TEM. 

An excellent reference work for preparations of technical interest is provided by the ten volumes of F. Ullmann s Enzyklopadie der technischen Chemie, arranged alphabetically. 

The solid-state and organic chemistries of fullerenes are currently active areas of research with possible applications, for instance, in the field of superconductivity ( . As illustrated in Fig. 1, more than 3000 papers now have appeared in refereed journals (2). Several excellent reviews summarizing physical (3), solid-state (4), and organic chemis-... 

It is only possible to give a brief survey here of electrokinetic phenomena, mainly as an attempt to show their relation to other phenomena. There are many excellent treatises on the subject. The reader should refer to Freundlicli, KapiUar-chemie, 1, 335-402 (1930) also to vol. 2 in several places Svedberg, Colloid Chemistry, pp. 218 ff. (1928) H. Abramson, Electrokinetic Phenomena (Chem. Catalog Co., 1934 Koenig, Wien-Harms Handb. d. Experimentalphysik, 12, pt. 2, 409 ff. (1933) D. C. Henry, Ann. Rep., 28, 335 (1931) (a clear discussion with full literature references) E. J. W. Verwey, Chemical Reviews, 16,363 (1935), for further information and an introduction to the very voluminous literature. 

The metal oxides prepared by conventional baking or by the CVD method are, in general, chemically stable, crystalline materials, and show excellent mechanical, electrical, optical, and physical properties. Flexible porous gel films obtained by the surface sol-gel process are totally different. In this chapter, we described a new preparative method for ultrathin metal oxide films by stepwise adsorption of various metal alkoxides. We named this method the surface sol-gel process. Structural characterization of the gel films thus obtained, the electrical property, and formation of nano-composites with organic compounds, were also explained. The soft porous gel contains many active hydroxyl groups at the surface and interior of the film. This facilitates adsorption of organic compounds, and consequent preparation of ultrathin metal oxide/polymer nano-composite films and organization of functional small molecules. In the nano-composites, proper selection of polymer components leads to the design of new materials with unique electrical, optical, and chemi-... 

A32. G. Henrici-Olive and S. Olive, Polymerisation. Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1969. Excellent survey of theory and use of organo-transition metal catalysts for polymerization of organic monomers. 

The quantitation of enzymes and substrates has long been of critical importance in clinical chemistry, since metabolic levels of a variety of species are known to be associated with certain disease states. Enzymatic methods may be used in complex matrices, such as serum or urine, due to the high selectivity of enzymes for their natural substrates. Because of this selectivity, enzymatic assays are also used in chemical and biochemical research. This chapter considers quantitative experimental methods, the biochemical species that is being measured, how the measurement is made, and how experimental data relate to concentration. This chapter assumes familiarity with the principles of spectroscopic (absorbance, fluorescence, chemi-and bioluminescence, nephelometry, and turbidimetry), electrochemical (poten-tiometry and amperometry), calorimetry, and radiochemical methods. For an excellent coverage of these topics, the student is referred to Daniel C. Harris, Quantitative Chemical Analysis (6th ed.). In addition, statistical terms and methods, such as detection limit, signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), sensitivity, relative standard deviation (RSD), and linear regression are assumed familiar Chapter 16 in this volume discusses statistical parameters. 

D. Diamond and V. C. A. Hanratty, Spreadsheet Applications in Chemistry Using Microsoft Excel. New York John Wiley Son.s, 1997 H. Preiser. Concepts Calculations in Analytical Chemi.stry A Spreadsheet Approach. Boca Raton. FL CRC Pre.ss, 1992 R. de Levie, Principles of Quantitative Chemical Analysis. New York McGraw-Hill, 1997 R. de Levie, A Spreadsheet Workbook for Quantitative Chemical Analysis. New York McGraw-Hill, 1992. 

The best source of information on techniques for the introduction of fluorine into organic compounds and for information on preparative methods is the excellent treatise by Hudlicky (25), Houben-Weyl s Methoden der Organischen Chemie(65), as well as the books of Shephard and Sharts (25) and Chambers (24). More recently, methods for the fluorination of organic molecules have been reviewed by several authors (15,69-75). More... 

Quoted in Max Appl, The Haber-Bosch process and the development of chemical engineering, in W.F. Furter, ed., A Century of Chemical Engineering (New York Plenum, 1982), pp. 29-53, on p. 39. Appl, former head of the BASF ammonia department, provides an excellent overview of the technical development of the Haber-Bosch process. For work on catalysts see also Alwin Mittasch, Geschichte der Ammoniaksynthese t n C m. Verlag Chemie, 1951). 

Hycite EXM and Sorbacid EXM (Sud-Chemie) are extremely fine magnesium/ aluminium hydrotalcites, for use as co-stabilizers for polyolefins and PVC, respectively. They effectively neutralize acids from catalyst residues or decomposition products of primary and secondary stabilizers. Corrosiveness of polymers is decisively reduced by absorptive immobilization of anions, especially chloride. Sorbacid is mainly used in environmentally friendly and non-toxic formulations free of heavy metals, together with Ca/Zn systems. It has excellent dispersion in small particles, which, with a special surface modification and a refractive index close to that of PVC, gives formulations for transparent applications without any restrictions. 

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