Evaluation of Tumors

The Role of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curves in the Evaluation of Tumor Markers... 

Evaluation of tumor hndings Carcinogenicity summary Carcinogenicity conclusions... 

Previous studies of tumor blood vessel response to radiation have relied upon the clearance of Xe and the quantity of RBCs (Cr-59) within tumors following treatment with radiation (3,6,8). Currently available methods allow direct, longitudinal observation of tumor blood volume and blood flow (10,11). More recent models include the tumor vascular window (11), power Doppler sonography (10), and histologic evaluation of tumor blood vessels (12,13). These models permit characterization of the dose-dependent response in tumor blood vessels. 

In summary, the value of p F]-FDG-PET for staging esophageal carcinoma mainly resides in better characterization of distant metastases (lymph nodes and organs). However, [ F]-FDG-PET should be regarded a supplemental procedure (e.g. in addition to CT), as it does not enable accurate determination of the local tumor extent and locoregional lymph node involvement. Furthermore, [ F]-FDG-PET plays an important role for the early response evaluation of tumors to neoadjuvant chemo- and radiochemotherapy (see section about therapy monitoring). 

Metabolic response plays a decisive role for therapy monitoring and evaluation of tumor response to therapy. So far only a reduction of SUV has been taken into account, whereas a change of tumor volume is not included in semiquantita-tive analysis. The p F]-FDG-PET/CT technique, combining metabolic and anatomic information, allowing a precise location of [ F]-FDG uptake might... 

C.N. Zhou, C. Milanesi, G. Jori (1988). An ultrastructural comparative evaluation of tumors photosensitized by porphyrins administered in aqueous solution, bound to liposomes or to lipoproteins. Photochem. PhotobioL, 48, 487 92. 

Fig. 8.3. Evaluation of tumor response and further follow-up with F-FDG PET/CT in a 57-year-old male patient with pancreatic carcinoma. The patient was treated for multiple liver metastases, the largest of which is shown in the transverse slices. (The smaller metastases depicted in the CT slice were also FDG positive, but due to diaphragm movement during acquisition, full match of PET and CT data could not be obtained within a singe representative slice). After therapy, none of the metastases showed residual tumor activity. Unfortunately further follow-up revealed multiple new hepatic metastases...

Traditional methods for the evaluation of tumor response to therapy have been size reduction on CT through the application of the WHO or Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria [73, 74]. However, some pitfalls may occur when those methods based on CT dimensional changes are applied to Y therapy. First, RECIST or WHO criteria do not allow for the use of PET scanning in the follow-up evaluation, thereby ignoring the functional nature of the residual tissue. Further-... 

Krause et al. (2007) Nude mice having received 4 Gy TBI Ambient conditions without anesthesia, air-breathing animals Total doses 8-60 Gy, 5 fractions in 5 days Evaluation of tumor control at day 120 Up to 32 Gy <25% of tumors are controlled TCD5 =41 Gy TCDioo=60 Gy... 

Feldmann HJ, Sievers K, Fuller J et al (1993) Evaluation of tumor blood perfusion by dynamic MRI and CT in patients undergoing thermoradiotherapy. Eur J Radiol 16 224-229... 

Mier W, Eritja R, Mohammed A, Haberkom U, Eisenhut M. Preparation and evaluation of tumor-targeting peptide-oligonucleotide conjugates. Bioconjug Chem 2000 11 855-860. 

J. Daruwalla, M. Nikfarjam, K. Greish, C. Malcontenti-Wilson, V. Muralidharan, C. Christophi, and H. Maeda, In vitro and in vivo evaluation of tumor targeting styrene-maleic acid copolymer-pirarubicin micelles Survival improvement and inhibition of liver metastases. Cancer Sci., 101 (8), 1866-1874,2010. 

Preliminary investigations that could be employed are staging computed tomography, laboratory evaluation of tumor markers, bleeding profile, pulmonary function tests, and electrocardiogram (Vogl et al. 2004a). 

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