EUROPEAN UNION EVALUATION

Matthies M, Berding V, Beyer A (2004) Probabilistic uncertainty analysis of the European union system for the evaluation of substances multimedia regional distribution model. Environ Toxicol Chem 3(10) 2494—2502... 

Detailed information about carotenoids found in food or extracted from food and evaluated for their potential as food colorants appeared in Sections 4.2 and 6.2. We would like to mention some new data about the utilization of pure carotenoid molecules or extracts as allowed food additives. Looking to the list of E-coded natural colorants (Table 7.2.1), we can identify standardized colorants E160a through f, E 161a, and E161b as natural or semi-synthetic derivatives of carotenoids provided from carrots, annatto, tomatoes, paprika, and marigold. In addition, the extracts (powders or oleoresins) of saffron, - paprika, and marigold are considered more economical variants in the United States and European Union. 

Colorants were the first food additives subjected to governmental regulation in the United States (US). After successive toxicological evaluations, the Food and Drug Administration established a list of permitted colorants and lakes. Only 7 synthetic pigments (and 2 others with restrictions) and 6 of their lakes are now permitted as food colorants in the US while 17 are permitted in the European Union (EU) see Table 7.3.L - ... 

Until 1991, manufacturers seeking authorizations for pesticides had to fulfil country-specific requirements of validation of enforcement methods. The term enforcement method means analytical methods which are developed for post-registration control and monitoring purposes. The harmonization of these requirements was initiated with the European Economic Community (EEC) Council Directive 91/414/EEC and temporarily finalized with the Guidance Document on Residue Analytical Methods SANCO/825/00 rev. 6, dated 20 June 2000 [Santd et Protection des Consommateurs (SANCO)]. The evaluation of validation studies by the competent authority is conducted by comparison of these European Union (EU) requirements with the study results and most often without any practical experience of the method. Some details of this evaluation are discussed below. 

Those activities are generally conducted during the course of official registration of a plant-protection product. Because, according to Council Directive 91/414/EEC, the registration procedures and evaluation criteria are currently harmonized between the member states of the European Union, the objective of this paper is to contribute to the discussion about a future Union-wide evaluation and assessment scheme for re-entry exposure. 

The European Union System for the Evaluation of Substances (EUSES) [8] is the software provided by European Chemical Bureau (ECB) to implement the EU Technical Guidance Documents on Risk Assessment for new notified substances, existing substances, and biocides [3]. The development of EUSES 2.1 was commissioned by the European Commission to the National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) of the Netherlands. The work was supervised by an EU working group comprised of representatives of the JRC-European Chemicals Bureau, EU Member States, and the European chemical industry. 

Huppes G, van Oers L (2011) Evaluation of weighting methods for measuring the EU-27 overall environmental impact. JRC Scientific and Technical Reports, Luxembourg Publications Office of the European Union. ISBN 978-92-79-21643-5, ISSN 1831-9424... 

Industry is obligated to submit mandatory dossiers to the REACH (Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals) registry, an environmental protection regulation within the framework of the European Union (EU), and are to include a GHS aquatic hazard classification proposal. Both REACH and the GHS have significant implications for environmental protection... 

European countries, source-receptor relationships were evaluated for the composite region the European Union—EU15). The contribution of external anthropogenic sources to EU amounted to 12%. 

In what is being called the most far-reaching overhaul of European Union environmental policy ever, the European Commission released a draft policy proposal on May 7 that, if enacted, would require virtually all manufacturers of chemicals to provide risk assessments and other information regarding products they sell or ship into the EU. Chemicals would also have to be registered with the EC and many downstream users of products that contain chemical entities would have to file paperwork as well. The Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals, or REACH, proposal would apply to approximately 30,000 new and existing chemicals, and test data would have to be developed on some 5000 specific chemical entities, many of which have been commonly used for decades. EUROPEAN COMMISSION... 

European Union (EU). The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medical Products (EMEA) established January 2002 as the deadline for all electronically filed single case reports to be coded in MedDRA. All ADR drug reporting must be coded in MedDRA by January 2003. 

While participating in the European Union programme on risk assessment of existing chemicals, Euro Chlor (representing all major European chlorine producers), recognised the need to carry out a detailed risk evaluation on chemicals linked to the production of chlorine. In view of concerns about specific risks of organohalogen compounds to the marine environment as a sink for all watercourses, Euro Chlor focused on this environmental compartment, with emphasis on the North Sea. This sea area has been extensively studied and is controlled by the Oslo and Paris Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution (OSPARCOM). For a series of chemicals on lists of concern adopted by the North Sea Conference (1990), risk assessments are being carried out to demonstrate their variable environmental profiles. 

Seven laboratories participated in the interlaboratory evaluation within the framework of the PRISTINE, SANDRINE and INEXsPORT European Union Projects [6]. The results obtained for the analysis of diverse classes of surfactants by different analytical methods are listed in Table 4.5.1. The analytical strategies were based on LC coupled to either MS or FL detection in all cases with the exception of one laboratory using a test tube ELISA kit. Samples were spiked with the surfactants NPEO, CDEA, LAS, AEO, NPEO-SO4 and SAS. 

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