Ethylene—propylene-diene monomer blends

Gomaa, E., Microstructure and miscibility of acrylonilrile-butadiene rubber/ethylene-propylene-diene monomer blends studied by positron annihilation spectroscopy, J. Appl. Polym. ScL, 105, 2564-2570 (2007). 

H. Nabil, H. Ismail, A.R. Azura, Optimisatioii of accelerators and vulcanising systems on thermal stability of natural rubber/recycled ethylene—propylene-diene-monomer blends. Materials Design, ISSN 0261-3069 53 (January 2014) 651-661. http //dx.doi. org/10.1016/jjnatdes.2013.06.078. 

A.S.Z. Naseri, A. JalaU-Arani, A comparison between the effects of gamma radiation and sulfur cure system on the microstructiire and crosslink network of (styrene butadiene rubber/ethylene propylene diene monomer) blends in presence of nanoclay. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, ISSN 0969-806X 115 (October 2015) 68-74. http //dx.doi. org/10.1016/jjadphyschem.2015.05.037. 

Irradiation of Isotactic Polypropylene and Polypropylene/Ethylene-Propylene- (diene-monomer) Blends... 

TPEs from blends of rubber and plastics constitute an important category of TPEs. These can be prepared either by the melt mixing of plastics and rubbers in an internal mixer or by solvent casting from a suitable solvent. The commonly used plastics and rubbers include polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), nylon, ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM), natural rubber (NR), butyl rubber, nitrile rubber, etc. TPEs from blends of rubbers and plastics have certain typical advantages over the other TPEs. In this case, the required properties can easily be achieved by the proper selection of rubbers and plastics and by the proper change in their ratios. The overall performance of the resultant TPEs can be improved by changing the phase structure and crystallinity of plastics and also by the proper incorporation of suitable fillers, crosslinkers, and interfacial agents. 

FIGURE 11,1 Ultrasonic velocity versus acrylonitrile-butadiene mbber/ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (NBR-EPDM) blend composition (a) no compatibiUzer, (b) with chloro-sulfonated polyethylene (CSM), and (c) with chlorinated polyethylene (CM). (From Pandey, K.N., Setua, D.K., and Mathur, G.N., Polym. Eng. Set, 45, 1265, 2005.)... 

FIGURE 11.7 Inter-mbber bonding scheme for blending ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) with nitrile mbber with a cross-linking agent. (From Naskar, M., Debnath, S.C., and Basu, D.K., Rubber Chem. TechnoL, 75, 309, 2002.)... 

The ductility of GRT-polyethylene blends drastically decreases at ground rubber concentration in excess of 5%. The inclusion of hnely ground nitrile rubber from waste printing rollers into polyvinyl chloride (PVC) caused an increase in the impact properties of the thermoplastic matrix [76]. Addition of rubber powder that is physically modihed by ultrasonic treatment leads to PP-waste ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) powder blends with improved morphology and mechanical properties [77]. 

FIGURE 38.6 Morphology of (a) ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM)-poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) blend (b) EPDM-poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid)-ground rubber tire (GRT) blend. (Reprinted from Naskar, A.K., Bhowmick, A.K., and De, S.K., Polym. Eng. Sci., 41, 1087, 2001. With permission from Wiley InterScience.)... 

Ethylene-propylene diene monomer (EPDM), 23 785 24 716-717 blends of polypropylene with, 24 699... 

Rao, S.S., and Ninan, K.N. (2002) Ethylene- propylene-diene monomer (EPDM)-neoprene rubber blends evaluation as rocket motor insulation material. Proc. MACRO Inti Seminar, Dec. 09-11, 2002, Kharagpur,... 

HIPS have been proposed for upgrading of recycled HDPE. In a study, artificially aged HDPE samples were melt blended with HIPS, thereby using an ethylene propylene diene monomer/SBR (49). 

After the examination of the PS photooxidation mechanism, a comparison of the photochemical behavior of PS with that of some of its copolymers and blends is reported in this chapter. The copolymers studied include styrene-stat-acrylo-nitrile (SAN) and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS). The blends studied are AES (acrylonitrile-EPDM-styrene) (EPDM = ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer) and a blend of poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME) and PS (PVME-PS). The components of the copolymers are chemically bonded. In the case of the blends, PS and one or more polymers are mixed. The copolymers or the blends can be homogeneous (miscible components) or phase separated. The potential interactions occurring during the photodegradation of the various components may be different if they are chemically bonded or not, homogeneously dispersed or spatially separated. Another important aspect is the nature, the proportions and the behavior towards the photooxidation of the components added to PS. How will a component which is less or more photodegradable than PS influence the degradation of the copolymer or the blend We show in this chapter how the... 

Blends of PET/HDPE have been treated previously in the literature [157, 158]. These are immiscible, but the addition of compatibilizers improves the mechanical properties of the blend, such as styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene (SEBS) and ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) [157], MAH [158], Poly(ethylene-stat-glycidyl metha-crylate)-graft-poly(acrilonitrile-stat-styrene) (EGMA), poly (ethylene acrylic acid), and maleated copolymers of SEBS, HDPE, ethylene-propylene copolymer (EP). The addition of compatibilizers modifies the rheological properties of blends of PET with HDPE, in such a way that increases in viscosity are observed as the component interactions augment. Changes in crystallization of PET were evaluated in blends with Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), PMMA, HDPE aromatic polyamides, and copolyesters [159]. 

Knappe [10] described the use of DMA to check the plasticizer level of polybutadiene/natural rubber blends. DMA can also be used to look at coatings on elastomer parts, an example being a polyurethane coating on an EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer) bumper part, where the low temperature storage modulus can be a key to component toughness. 

A blend of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) polyethylene (LDPE) with the terpolymer ethylene-propylene-diene monomer rubber (EPDM) exhibits a synergistic effect on tensile strength if EPDM is partially crystalline, but a nonsynergistic effect if the EPDM is amorphous [65]. This example shows the dramatic effect that morphology can have on properties of polymer blends. The synergism apparently arises from a tendency for crystallites in the LDPE to nucleate crystalli2ation of ethylene segments in the EPDM. 

As mentioned extensively, PPE is not mainly used as such, but in polymeric blends and copolymers to faciUtate the fabrication. Some of these copolymers act also as impact modifiers for example, block copolymers built from styrene, ethylene, butylene, and propylene. Naturally, the impact can be improved by using high impact poly(styrene) (HIPS) instead of ordinary PS in blends. Other impact modifiers include rubbery materials, such as poly(octenylene), and ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber. 

Dubey et compared the efficiency of different additives to promote the cross-linking of a nonmiscible ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM)/styrene-ethlene/butylene-styrene copolymer (SEES) blend y-irradiated between 50 and 500 kGy ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate styrene-ethylene/ butylene-styrene copolymer (EGDMA), tri(propylene glycol) diacrylate (TRPGDA), trimethylol propane triacrylate (TMPTA), and trimethylol propane... 

Van Gisbergen, J. G. M., Hoeben, W. F. L. M., Meijer, H. E. H., Melt rheology of electron-beam-irradiated blends, of polypropylene and ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) rubber. Polymer Engineering and Science 1991,31,1539-1544. 

Studies by Ravikumar et al. (2005) show that PTT/ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) blends are irrmriscible, which is supported by an increase in the free volume and constancy in crystallinity of PTT with increasing EPDM content and the use of ethylene propylene monomer grafted maleic anhydride as compatibilizer is found to produce significant improvement in properties by modifying the interface of the blends. 

Zhao, R. and Dai, C. 2002. Mechanical property and morphology comparison between the two blends poly (propylene)/ ethylene-propylene-diene monomer elastomer and poly(propylene)/ maleic anhydride-g-ethylene-propylene-diene monomer, lournal of Avvlied Polymer Science 86 2486-2491. 

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