Ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer grafting

Ramar and Alagar [31] compared the dielectric strengths of nanoclay reinforced blends of ethylene-propylene-diene monomer grafted with fris(2-methoxyethoxy)vinylsilane (EPDM-g-TMEVS) and EPDM-g-TMEVS/PMMA blends. The values of dielectric strength, volume resistivity, surface resistivity and arc resistance were all increased with increasing concentration of EPDM-g-TMEVS because of the presence of Si-O-Si linkages. The blends filled with nanoclay showed improved dielectric properties because of the presence of the inorganic moiety. 

EPDM-g-TMEVS Ethylene-propylene-diene monomer grafted with tris(2-methoxyethoxy)vinylsilane... 

ATBN - amine terminated nitrile rubber X - Flory Huggins interaction parameter CPE - carboxylated polyethylene d - width at half height of the copolymer profile given by Kuhn statistical segment length DMAE - dimethyl amino ethanol r - interfacial tension reduction d - particle size reduction DSC - differential scanning calorimetry EMA - ethylene methyl acrylate copolymer ENR - epoxidized natural rubber EOR - ethylene olefin rubber EPDM - ethylene propylene diene monomer EPM - ethylene propylene monomer rubber EPR - ethylene propylene rubber EPR-g-SA - succinic anhydride grafted ethylene propylene rubber... 

Radiation Treatment NVP, 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA), and acrylamide (AAm) have been grafted to the surface of ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) rubber vulcanizates using the radiation method (from a Co 7 source) to alter surface properties such as wettability and therefore biocompatibility [197]. Poncin-Epaillard et al. [198] have reported the modification of isotactic PP surface by EB and grafting of AA onto the activated polymer. Radiation-induced grafting of acrylamide onto PE is very important... 

Acrylonitrile-Ethylene/Propylene-Styrene Copolymer AES is a terpolymer obtained by grafting styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer to ethylene-propylene or ethylene-propylene-diene monomer rubber. Similar to ABS except with improved weathering resistance. 

Weather-Resistant Grafts of Vinyl Monomers to Ethylene-Propylene-Diene-Monomer (EPDM) and Polyacrylates... 

Recent findings indicated that this drawback can be overcome by using particular reinforcing agents, i.e. graft copolymers obtained by modifying saturated or low-unsaturated elastomers such as ethylene-propylene (EP) or ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) rubbers and acrylic elastomers (9-16). 

Blends of PET/HDPE have been treated previously in the literature [157, 158]. These are immiscible, but the addition of compatibilizers improves the mechanical properties of the blend, such as styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene (SEBS) and ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) [157], MAH [158], Poly(ethylene-stat-glycidyl metha-crylate)-graft-poly(acrilonitrile-stat-styrene) (EGMA), poly (ethylene acrylic acid), and maleated copolymers of SEBS, HDPE, ethylene-propylene copolymer (EP). The addition of compatibilizers modifies the rheological properties of blends of PET with HDPE, in such a way that increases in viscosity are observed as the component interactions augment. Changes in crystallization of PET were evaluated in blends with Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), PMMA, HDPE aromatic polyamides, and copolyesters [159]. 

Studies by Ravikumar et al. (2005) show that PTT/ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) blends are irrmriscible, which is supported by an increase in the free volume and constancy in crystallinity of PTT with increasing EPDM content and the use of ethylene propylene monomer grafted maleic anhydride as compatibilizer is found to produce significant improvement in properties by modifying the interface of the blends. 

Pasbakhsh, R, Ismail, FI., Ahmad Fauzi, M. N., and Abu Bakar, A. 2009. Influence of maleic anhydride grafted ethylene propylene diene monomer (MAH-g-EPDM) on the properties of EPDM nanocomposites reinforced by halloysite nanotubes. Polymer Testing 28 548-559. 

Stability (see Table 12.2). R talc is effective with ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and ethylene propylene rubbers (EPR) but not as effective with metallocene elastomers containing TPOs. Recently, Clark [11] presented evidence of improvements in scratch and mar resistance when talc is grafted to TPO. The need for higher performance materials will drive the development of new surface modification technologies [3]. 

Ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) modifiers are used in thermoplastic olefins for automotive bumpers and parts as well as scattered consumer durable products. Maleic anhydride-grafted EPDM reacts with the matrix resin, typically nylon, to become its own compatibilizer. This type of modifier provides for excellent balance in impact, hardness, modulus, and tensile strength, and it is the major additive component of super tough nylon. (See also ethylene propylene diene monomer.)... 

Several other propylene-based copolymers and blends have been analyzed by vibrational spectroscopy. The EPDM (ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer) content in PP/EPDM (low temperature impact) blends is a linear function of the ratio A(2850cm" )/A(2920cm" ) up to 80% EPDM. Functionalized PP (compatibilizer) for use in PP blends is often characterized by IR spectroscopy. These compatibilizers typically consist of PP grafted with anhydrides or acids, and may be analyzed in terms of chemical details and graft content. Intermolecular interaction between groups on the grafted side chain and the non-PP component in the blend has been characterized by band shifts and band broadening. 

In one study, rPP and recycled polyethylene (rPE) were blended with two compatibilisers, polyethylene-grafted-maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA) and ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) copolymer, and OMMT [56]. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs showed that the blend with EPDM exhibited a better compatibilisation than PE-g-MA. The presence of OMMT caused an increase of the storage modulus and loss modulus additionally, OMMT improved the thermal stability. 

Using the grafting reaction not only MA, but other compounds may also couple to the polymer chain. For the sake of better compatibility, the most commonly prepared structures are the following PP-g-MA, FfDPE-g-MA, HDPE-g-MA, ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM)-g-MA, PS-g-MA, PP-g-PS or PC-g-PMMA [64, 65]. 

Sheng, J., Hu, J., Yuan, X.-B., Han, Y.-P., Li, F.-K., and Bian, D.-C. (1998) The study of polystyrene blends The relationship of phases and structure in blends of polystyrene with ethylene-propylene diene monomer rubber and its grafted copolymer. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 70, 805-810. 

Whilst the ASA materials are of European origin, the AES polymers have been developed in Japan and the US. The rubber used is an ethylene-propylene terpolymer rubber of the EPDM type (see Chapter 11) which has a small amount of a diene monomer in the polymerisation recipe. The residual double bonds that exist in the polymer are important in enabling grafting with styrene and acrylonitrile. The blends are claimed to exhibit very good weathering resistance but to be otherwise similar to ABS. 

In addition, borane-containing POs can be prepared by copolymerization of olefin with borane monomers or by hydroboration of polyolefins including unsaturated groups, such as olefin-divinylbenzene copolymer and olefin-diene copolymers. Many kinds of graft copolymers, such as poly-elhylene-gra/f-poly( vinyl alcohol), PE-g-PMMA, polypropylcnc-gra/f-poly-(maleicanhydride-co-styrene), polypropylene-gra/f-poly(methacrylic acid), polypropylene-gra/f-poly(vinyl alcohol), polypropylene-gra/f-polycaprolac-tone (PP-g-PCL), polypropylcnc-gra/f-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PP-g-PMMA), poly( ethylene-co-propylene)-gra/f-poly(methyl methacrylate) (EPR-g-PMMA), and poly(ethylene-co-propylene)-gra/f-poly(maleic anhydride-costyrene), have been synthesized by such a method resulting in controllable composition and molecular microstructures [63-66]. 

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