Ethylene-propylene based terpolymers

Table 1. Trienes used in the synthesis of ethylene-propylene based terpolymers containing conjugated diene systems... 

Fig. 1. Grafting efficiency vs. termonomer content for some ethylene-propylene based terpolymers. Conditions styrene-acrylonitrile (molar ratio 1.5 1) -2.6 mol/1 terpoiymer 25 -s- 30 g/i BPO = 8.67 mmol/1 solvent = n-hep-tane-benzene (1 I by wt) T =...

Indirect, quantitative information on the behavior of ethylene-propylene based terpolymers in the presence of t-butoxy radicals have been obtained through kinetic studies carried out on model compoiuKls of triene (III), (V), (VQ and on the reference diene ENB. The model con unds denoted (III,a), (V,1), (VI,a), and NB, were dissolved in isooctane which simulated the ethylene-propjdene units present in EPTMs or EPDMs The approach was essentially that described by Szwarc et al. "). 

Table 8. Relative rate constants foi the reactions of methyl radicals with isooctane and the model compounds simulating the unsaturation present in some ethylene-propylene based terpolymers...

Table 18. Vulcanization kinetic parameters of some unsaturated ethylene-propylene-based terpolymers ... 

For ethylene-propylene-based terpolymers see S. Cesca, Macromol. Rev. 10, 1 (1975)... 

We previously described 9 12, 9) in detail the synthesis and several properties of ethylene-propylene-based terpolymers containing diene systems as random pending groups. For the sake of completeness we outline here some general conclusions derived from the previous work. 

Fig. 1. Grafting efficiency vs. termonomer content for some ethylene-propylene based terpolymers. Conditions styrene-acrylonitrile (molar ratio 1.5 1) =...

Medintseva, T.I., Dreval, V.E., Erina, N.A., and Prut, E.V., Rheological properties thermoplastic elastomers based on isotactic polypropylene with an ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer, Polym. Sci. A, 45, 2032, 2003. 

An oil-based drilling mud can be viscosified with maleated ethylene-propylene elastomers [919]. The elastomers are ethylene-propylene copolymers or ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymers. The maleated elastomers are far more effective oil mud viscosifiers than the organophilic clays used. On the other hand, specific organophilic clays can provide a drilling fluid composition less sensitive to high temperatures [491]. 

Let us recall also that vanadium-based soluble Ziegier-Natta catalysts have found widespread industrial application for the manufacture of elastomeric ethylene/propylene copolymers and ethylene/propylene/diene terpolymers [319-322]. The most commonly used vanadium-based catalysts for random ethylene/propylene copolymerisation are those prepared from VCI4, VOCI3, V(Acac)3, VO(OEt)Cl2, VO(OEt)2Cl or VO(OEt)3 as precursors and AlEt3, AlEt2Cl or Al(z-Bu)2Cl as activators, with an Al/V molar ratio not exceeding 3 1 [37, 72],... 

Arguably the most important amorphous ionomer is sulfonated polystyrene (SPS). Other ionomers include poly(styrene-rfln-methacrylic acid) (SMAA), polyurethanes, siloxanes, butadiene-based elastomers, ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymers, acrylates and methacrylates, polyphosphoesters, polyimides, and many others. ... 

The choice of date range is arbitrary. The number of journal articles for each year was obtained from a search of electronic version of English-based polymer and polymer-related journals using the keywords polyolefin and blends. Within polyolefin keyword, the subkeywords used in the search were polyethylene (PE, LLDPE, LDPE, HDPE, UHMWPE, PE, etc.), polypropylene (PP, iPP, sPP, aPP, etc.), polybutene-1, poly-4-methylpentene-l, ethylene-diene monomer, ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer, ethylene propylene rubber, thermoplastic olefins, natural rubber (NR), polybutadiene, polyisobutylene (PIB), polyisoprene, and polyolefin elastomer. For the polyolefin blends patent search, polymer indexing codes and manual codes were used to search for the patents in Derwent World Patent Index based on the above keywords listed in the search strategy. 

We will now report the results of autohesion for homogeneous, symmetric joints of polyisoprene rubber (IR) and styrene-butadiene copolymer (SBR) both vulcanized by a sulfur-based system (Section 24.2.1), and of ethylene-propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) crossHnked by an electron beam (Section 24.2.2). 

During the last several years, much effort has been spent on developing new materials, based on iPP/elastomers blends. This interest is related to the fact that addition of the rubber phase improves the impact strength of the iPP, The present paper reports on a study of the isothermal crystallization and melting behaviour of thin films of isotactic polypropylene blended with an ethylene--propylene diene terpolymer and three samples of polyisobutylene with different molecular mass. 

The co-continuous structure and the final rheological properties of an immiscible polymer blend are generally controlled by not only the viscoelastic and interfacial properties of the constituent polymers but also by the processing parameters. For example, the effect of plasticizer on co-continuity development in blends based on polypropylene and ethylene-propylene-diene-terpolymer (PP/EPDM), at various compositions, was studied using solvent extraction. The results showed more rapid percolation of the elastomeric component in the presence of plasticizer. However, the same fuUy co-continuous composition range was maintained, as for the non-plasticized counterparts (Shahbikian et al. 2011). It was also shown that the presence of nanoclay narrows the co-continuity composition range for non-plasticized thermoplastic elastomeric materials (TPEs) based on polypropylene and ethylene-propylene-diene-terpolymer and influences their symmetry. This effect was more pronounced in intercalated nanocomposites than in partially exfoliated nanocomposites with improved clay dispersion. It seems that the smaller, well-dispersed particles interfere less with thermoplastic phase continuity (Mirzadeh et al. 2010). A blend of polyamide 6 (PA6) and a co-polyester of... 

This technique has found the following applications in addition to those discussed in Sections 10.1 (resin cure studies on phenol urethane compositions) [65], 12.2 (photopolymer studies [66-68]), and 13.3 (phase transitions in PE) [66], Chapter 15 (viscoelastic and rheological properties), and Section 16.4 (heat deflection temperatures) epoxy resin-amine system [67], cured acrylate-terminated unsaturated copolymers [68], PE and PP foam [69], ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymers [70], natural rubbers [71, 72], polyester-based clear coat resins [73], polyvinyl esters and unsaturated polyester resins [74], polyimide-clay nanocomposites [75], polyether sulfone-styrene-acrylonitrile, PS-polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) blends and PS-polytetrafluoroethylene PMMA copolymers [76], cyanate ester resin-carbon fibre composites [77], polycyanate epoxy resins [78], and styrenic copolymers [79]. 

Storage modnlus of PP-wood composites [80], basalt fibre-reinforced PP [88], ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer [89], polyvinyl fluoride-clay nanocomposites [90], thermosetting resins [91], and water-based adhesives [81, 82]. 

Dynamic mechanical analysis has also been used to determine the mechanical and thermal properties of low-density polyethylene and ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer containing jute filler, which had improved flexural and impact properties compared to those of the base polymer [198]. Jeong and coworkers [196] and others [195] investigated the dynamic mechanical properties of a series of polyhexamethyl-ene lerephthalale, poly(l,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate), and random copolymers thereof in the amorphous state as a function of temperature and frequency. The effect of copolymer composition on dynamic mechanical properties was examined and the dynamic mechanical properties interpreted in terms of the cooperativity of segmental motions. 

Melt blending of polymers is a widely used technique for tailor-making polymeric materials to generate the desired properties. Blending polypropylene block copolymer (PPBC) with elastomeric ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) produces a range of useful materials commercialized in early 1970 s that found significant uses in the automotive industry. Polyolefin-based bumpers dominate the automobile market in Europe and Japan and have made in-roads in the North American market. In India, the polyolefin blend for car bumpers was commercialized in 1992. 

S. E. Cantor, "RTV Adhesive System Based on Ethylene - Propylene - Diene Terpolymer", Adhesives Age, ], 17, June 1974. 

During the stud5dng or operation of pol3mier-based products, the most accelerated modifications take place in the thin outer layer of material, because the absorption of light prevails. The correlation between oxidation level and exposure time (Fig. 6) illustrated by the accumulation of carbonyl stmcmres and the contact angle at the surface of ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer demonstrates the proportionality between the concentration of collected oxidation products and the physical behavior of specimen [7]. The main carbonyl strucmres (Fig. 7) appeared... 

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