Epoxy amine resin

Mailhot B, Morlat-Therias S, Bussiere P-O, Gardette J-L (2005) Study of the degradation of an epoxy/amine resin, kinetics and depth-profiles. Macromol Chem Phys 206 585-591... 

Quasi-isothermal cure of an epoxy-amine resin at 343 K, moduiation 0.5 K, p = 60s... 

P. I. Karkanas, in Cure Modelling and Monitoring of Epoxy/Amine Resin Systems, PhD Thesis, Cranfield University, United Kingdom, 1997. 

Figure 10.2 Rheological changes in epoxy-amine resin during cure (a) TG (b) Transitions as defined by e" curves Source Author s own files)...

Hill, D.J.T., G.A. George, and D.G. Rogers, A Systematic Study of the Microwave and Thermal Cnre Kinetics of the Dgeha/Dds and Dgeha/Ddm Epoxy-Amine Resin Systems. Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 2002.13 353-362. 

Huang, M. L., and Williams, J. G., Mechanisms of solidification of epoxy-amine resins during cure. Macromolecules, 27, 7423, 1994. 

Table 4.2 Components of epoxy-amine resin network... 

Journal of Applied Polymer Science 77, No.7, 15thAug.2000,p.l419-31 CURE MODELING AND MONITORING OF EPOXY/AMINE RESIN SYSTEMS. 1. CURE KINETICS MODELING... 

An investigation using differential scanning calorimetry was carried out under both isothermal and dynamic curing conditions to determine the cure kinetics of four epoxy/ amine resins. Various cure kinetic models were used to compare them with the results of the DSC results. Good fits were found, in good agreement with the experimental results for the resin systems. 22 refs. 

Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether [1675-54-3] reacts readily with methacrylic acid [71-49-4] in the presence of benzyl dimethyl amine catalyst to produce bisphenol epoxy dimethacrylate resins known commercially as vinyl esters. The resins display beneficial tensile properties that provide enhanced stmctural performance, especially in filament-wound glass-reinforced composites. The resins can be modified extensively to alter properties by extending the diepoxide with bisphenol A, phenol novolak, or carboxyl-terrninated mbbers. 

Epoxy Resins. Polysulftdes may also be cured by reaction with epoxy resins (qv) according to the reaction in equation 2. Amines or other catalysts are used and often primary or secondary amine resins are cured together with the polysulfide. 

Eor more demanding uses at higher temperatures, for example, in aircraft and aerospace and certain electrical and electronic appHcations, multifunctional epoxy resin systems based on epoxy novolac resins and the tetraglycidyl amine of methylenedianiline are used. The tetraglycidyl amine of methylenedianiline is currently the epoxy resin most often used in advance composites. Tetraglycidyl methylenedianiline [28768-32-3] (TGALDA) cured with diamino diphenyl sulfone [80-08-0] (DDS) was the first system to meet the performance requirements of the aerospace industry and is still used extensively. 

Aromatic and Heterocyclic Glycidyl Amine Resins. Among the specialty epoxy resins containing an aromatic amine backbone, the following are commercially significant. 

In addition to electrical uses, epoxy casting resins are utilized in the manufacture of tools, ie, contact and match molds, stretch blocks, vacuum-forrning tools, and foundry patterns, as weU as bench tops and kitchen sinks. Systems consist of a gel-coat formulation designed to form a thin coating over the pattern which provides a perfect reproduction of the pattern detail. This is backed by a heavily filled epoxy system which also incorporates fiber reinforcements to give the tool its strength. For moderate temperature service, a Hquid bisphenol A epoxy resin with an aHphatic amine is used. For higher temperature service, a modified system based on an epoxy phenol novolak and an aromatic diamine hardener may be used. 

Material used to activate resins to promote hardening. For polyesters, organic peroxides are used primarily. For epoxies, amines and anhydrides are used. 

After rinsing and dry-off, the primer is applied. In most modern plants this means electrodeposition of the primer (Section 14.1). The most widely used primers are cathodic. The body shell is made the cathode and current flows between it and inert anodes in the electropaint bath. The paint is formulated so that the resin is basic and, when neutralised with an acid such as lactic acid, becomes positively charged. The most widely used resins are epoxy-amine adducts ... 

The epoxy-acrylic resin referred to above is a graft copolymer prepared by the polymerisation of acrylic monomers in the presence of the epoxy resin in such a way that grafting of the acrylic onto the epoxy takes place. Water dispersibility is achieved by neutralising carboxyl groups in the acrylic polymer chain with ammonia or amine. Amino or phenolic resins are used as crosslinkers. Alternatively, solvent-borne epoxy-amino or epoxy-phenolic lacquers can be used. 

The products of the chemical degradation of PETP with triethylene tetramine and triethaneolamine can be used as epoxy resin hardeners, it is demonstrated. Products of PETP aminolysis with triethylene tetramine and aminoglycolysis with triethanolamine, were characterised using NMR and rheometric measurements. Characteristics of the crosslinking process for the system epoxy resin/ PETP/amine degradation product, and epoxy resin/TETA for comparison were investigated by DSC. Three classes of liquid epoxy resins based on bisphenol A, bisphenol F and epoxy novolak resins were used in the experiments. 16 refs. 

Epoxy (Amine-Cured) Bisphenol A-based epoxy resins used for composite fabrication are commonly cured with multifunctional primary amines. For optimum chemical resistance these generally require a heat cure or postcure. The cured resin has good chemical resistance, particularly to basic environments, and can have good temperature resistance. 

Epoxides can react with alcohols via acidic or basic catalysed reaction mechanisms. However, since both strong acids and bases will degrade the cell wall polymers of wood, the reaction is usually catalysed via the use of amines, which are more strongly nucleophilic than the OH group. For example, whereas the production of epoxy-phenolic resins requires temperatures in the region of 180-205 °C, reaction between epoxides and primary or secondary amines takes place at 15 °C (Turner, 1967). Reaction of epoxides with wood often involves the use of tertiary amines as catalysts (Sherman etal., 1980). The sapwood is more reactive towards epoxides than heartwood (Ahmad and Harun, 1992). 

Figure 7. Paint adhesion loss in salt spray exposure (ASTM B117) as a function of ester content for chain-extended epoxy-amine and epoxy-ester resin based coatings. All coatings applied at 20-25 urn film thickness to SAE 1010 steel test panels, baked, scribed and exposed for 24 hours to salt spray conditions.

The molecular weight between crosslinks (Me) was determined for each epoxy/amine ratio of the neat resin from the rubbery plateau region of the modulus curve following the Tg region. This can be seen in Figure 13 for several epoxy/amine ratios. The Me values were calculated from the following equation ... 

Figure lA. Glass transition temperature (Tg) and molecular weight between crosslinks (Me) as a function of epoxy/amine ratio for C-stage cured neat resin. 

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