Ethylene bromide chloride

Bromoacetic acid can be prepared by the bromination of acetic acid in the presence of acetic anhydride and a trace of pyridine (55), by the HeU-VoUiard-Zelinsky bromination cataly2ed by phosphoms, and by direct bromination of acetic acid at high temperatures or with hydrogen chloride as catalyst. Other methods of preparation include treatment of chloroacetic acid with hydrobromic acid at elevated temperatures (56), oxidation of ethylene bromide with Aiming nitric acid, hydrolysis of dibromovinyl ether, and air oxidation of bromoacetylene in ethanol. 

Reaction.—a too c.c. flask to a short upright condenser (see Fig. 86) and to the upper end of the condensei attach a vertical delivery tube, dipping into an ammoniacal cuprous chloride solution. Pour 2—3 c.c. of ethylene bromide into the flask with 4 times its volume of strong methyl alcoholic potash, which is prepared by boiling methyl alcohol with excess of caustic potash on the water-bath with upright condenser. On gently heating, a rapid evolution of acetylene occurs and the characteristic brown copper compound (C2H,Cu,HjO) is precipitated from the cuprous chloride solution. 

Ethyl benzene Ethyl bromide 2-Ethyl butyl acrylate Ethyl chloride Ethyl ether Ethyl formate 2-Ethyl hexyl acrylate Ethyl iodide Ethyl propionate Ethyl propyl ether Ethyl sulfide Ethylene bromide Ethylene chloride Ethylene glycol Ethylidebe chloride Fluorobenzene Formic acid Freon-11 Freon-12 Freon-21 Freon-22 Freon-113 Glycerol, 100%... 

Bromoacetic acid has been prepared by direct bromination of acetic acid at elevated temperatures and pressures,2-3-4 or with dry hydrogen chloride as a catalyst 6 and with red phosphorus as a catalyst with the formation of bromoacetyl bromide.6-7-8-9-19 Bromoacetic acid has also been prepared from chloroacetic acid and hydrogen bromide at elevated temperatures 6 by oxidation of ethylene bromide with fuming nitric acid 7 by oxidation of an alcoholic solution of bromoacetylene by air 8 and from ethyl a,/3-dibromovinyl ether by hydrolysis.9 Acetic acid has been converted into bromoacetyl bromide by action of bromine in the presence of red phosphorus, and ethyl bromoacetate has been... 

Ethyl sec-amyl ketone, see 5-Methyl-3-heptanone Ethylbenzol, see Ethylbenzene Ethyl butyl ketone, see 3-Heptanone Ethyl n-butyl ketone, see 3-Heptanone Ethyl carbinol, see 1-Propanol Ethyl cellosolve, see 2-Ethoxyethanol Ethyl chloride, see Chloroethane Ethylcyclopentan, see Ethylcyclopentane Ethyldimethylmethane, see 2-Methylbutane Ethylendiamine, see Ethylenediamine Ethylene aldehyde, see Acrolein Ethylene bromide, see Ethylene dibromide Ethylene bromide glycol dibromide, see Ethylene dibromide... 

The following qualitative observations on the action of liquid ammonia on organic compounds are mainly by E. C. Franklin and C. A. Kraus, those in brackets are by G. Gore. Aliphatic compounds.—Halides methyl iodide, m. chloroform, reacts, and m. bromoform, m. iodoform, v.s., ethyl bromide and iodide, s. ethylene bromide, s. ethylidene chloride, m. isobutyl bromide, s. amyl bromide, s.s. tribromomethane, v.s. nitrotriohloromethane, m. perehloroethane (n.s.) perchloroethylene (m.) dichloroacetylene (s.). Alcohols methyl, m. ethyl, m. propyl, m. normal butyl,... 

Further applications of the determination of gas chromatography to the determination of anions in non saline waters are reviewed in Table 15.23. These include aminoacetates, arsenate, bromide, chloride, fluoride, iodide, cyanide, ethylene diamine tetraacetate, nitrate, phosphate, thiocyanate and sulphide. 

Similar liquid pairs are generally found to form ideal solutions, e.g., binary mixtures of ethylene bromide and ethylene chloride, benzene and toluene, n-heptane and n-hexane etc. 

Other hazardous reactions may occur with carbon (e.g., soot, graphite, activated charcoal), dimethyl sulfoxide, ethylene oxide, chlorine, bromine vapor, hydrogen bromide, potassium iodide + magnesium bromide, chloride or iodide, maleic anhydride, mercury, copper(II) oxide, mercury(II) oxide, tin(IV) oxide, molybdenum(III) oxide, bismuth trioxide, phosphoms trichloride, sulfur dioxide, chromium trioxide. 

A systematic study of the effects of solvent on the reaction showed that for the first-order decomposition of the chlorosulfite the stereochemistry varies from complete retention in dioxane to complete inversion in toluene. Tetrahydropyran, tetrahydrofuran, dioxolane, ethylene chloride and ethylene bromide as solvents, in this order, led to decreasing degrees of retention. Saturated hydrocarbons, acetonitrile, cyclohexanone, thiophene, acetal and acetophenone as solvents led to low yields of predominantly, but not completely inverted chloride. The results are in accordance with the mechanistic scheme... 

N[C6H2(N02)3].C0 mw 660.42, N 16,97% citron-yel ndls (from phenol+acet ac), mp >200°(dec) sol in hot phenol boiling ethylene bromide v si sol in most other solvs was prep>d by reaction of pyridine N-picryl-anthranilic chloride at 100° (Refs 2 3)... 

Problem 14.20 Describe simple chemical tests (if any) that would distinguish between (a) ethylene bromohydrin and ethylene bromide (b) 4-chloro-1-butene and / -butyl chloride (c) bromocyclohexane and bromobenzene (d) 1-chloro-2-methyl-2-propanol and l,2-dichloro-2-methylpropane. Tell exactly what you would do and see. 

The transformation of alkyl halides into alkanenitriles with cyanide ions has frequently been carried out in protic solvents such as methanol or ethanol, sometimes with the addition of water or acetone, and often at elevated temperatures. Under these conditions reaction rates decrease in the order iodides, bromides, chlorides, as would be expected. Accordingly iodide ions have a catalytic effect and increase reaction rates. The use of anhydrous ethylene glycol or di- and poly-ethylene glycols and their corresponding ethers allows the use of higher temperatures, which means better solubility of the alkali metal cyanides. There is probably additional help from the extensive solvation of the countercations by some of these hydroxy polyethers. While for primary halides yields for nitriles range up to 90% (Table 1), they drop sharply with secondary and tertiary halides. ... 

Ethyt Ether Ethyl Hexoate Ethylene Bromide Ethylene Glycol Ferric Chloride Ferric Phosphate Huoron sp hth a le ne Fluoron itrobenzene Formaldehyde Formic Acid Furan Gasoline... 

Derivation Treatment of ethylene bromide or chloride with alcoholic ammonia at 100C. 

Heat the flask cautiously at first and then to such a temperature that ethylene is given off freely. After the gas begins to come off the apparatus needs little attention if it is so placed that the flame is not in a draught if this is the case, use a chimney so that a steady heat may be obtained. Heat as long as ethylene is formed from one-half hour to an hour is usually sufficient. If the bromine has not been used up when the ethylene ceases to be evolved, remove the tubes containing ethylene bromide, and under the hood transfer the liquids to a flask. Wash by decantation with a dilute solution of sodium hydroxide until the heavy oil is colorless, and then once with water. Separate the bromide, and dry it with calcium chloride. After standing an hour or... 

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