Ethyl vapor pressure

The physical properties of some common ketones are Hsted in Table 1. Ketones are commonly separated by fractional distillation, and vapor—Hquid equihbria and vapor pressure data are readily available for common ketones. A number of other temperature dependent physical properties for acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and diethyl ketone have been pubHshed (3). 

Tetrahydronaphthalene [119-64-2] (Tetralin) is a water-white Hquid that is insoluble in water, slightly soluble in methyl alcohol, and completely soluble in other monohydric alcohols, ethyl ether, and most other organic solvents. It is a powerhil solvent for oils, resins, waxes, mbber, asphalt, and aromatic hydrocarbons, eg, naphthalene and anthracene. Its high flash point and low vapor pressure make it usehil in the manufacture of paints, lacquers, and varnishes for cleaning printing ink from rollers and type in the manufacture of shoe creams and floor waxes as a solvent in the textile industry and for the removal of naphthalene deposits in gas-distribution systems (25). The commercial product typically has a tetrahydronaphthalene content of >97 wt%, with some decahydronaphthalene and naphthalene as the principal impurities. 

Physical and chemical properties of isopropyl alcohol reflect its secondary hydroxyl functionaHty. For example, its boiling and flash poiats are lower than / -propyl alcohol [71-25-8], whereas its vapor pressure and freezing poiat are significantly higher. Isopropyl alcohol bods only 4°C higher than ethyl alcohol. 

A summary of physical properties of ethyl alcohol is presented ia Table 1. Detailed information on the vapor pressure, density, and viscosity of ethanol can be obtained from References 6—14. A listing of selected biaary and ternary azeotropes of ethanol is compiled ia Reference 15. 

Table 8-10 gives pertinent data for the Menschutkin reaction of triethylamine with ethyl iodide. These reactant molecules are volatile, so their transfer free energies were determined by a gas chromatographic variation of the vapor pressure method. For this reaction Eq. (8-57) is written... 

The diazirines are of special interest because of their isomerism with the aliphatic diazo compounds. The diazirines show considerable differences in their properties from the aliphatic diazo compounds, except in their explosive nature. The compounds 3-methyl-3-ethyl-diazirine and 3,3-diethyldiazirine prepared by Paulsen detonated on shock and on heating. Small quantities of 3,3-pentamethylenediazirine (68) can be distilled at normal pressures (bp 109°C). On overheating, explosion followed. 3-n-Propyldiazirine exploded on attempts to distil it a little above room temperature. 3-Methyldiazirine is stable as a gas, but on attempting to condense ca. 100 mg for vapor pressure measurements, it detonated with complete destruction of the apparatus." Diazirine (67) decomposed at once when a sample which had been condensed in dry ice was taken out of the cold trap. Work with the lower molecular weight diazirines in condensed phases should therefore be avoided. 

Like propane, n-hutane is mainly obtained from natural gas liquids. It is also a hy-product from different refinery operations. Currently, the major use of n-hutane is to control the vapor pressure of product gasoline. Due to new regulations restricting the vapor pressure of gasolines, this use is expected to he substantially reduced. Surplus n-butane could be isomerized to isobutane, which is currently in high demand for producing isobutene. Isobutene is a precursor for methyl and ethyl tertiary butyl ethers, which are important octane number boosters. Another alternative outlet for surplus n-butane is its oxidation to maleic anhydride. Almost all new maleic anhydride processes are based on butane oxidation. 

Aero Hydrolysis. A solution of kasugamycin hydrochloride (1.5 grams, 3.46 mmoles) dissolved in 15 ml. of 6N hydrochloric acid was heated at 105°C. for five hours in a sealed tube. The solution was condensed to 5 ml. under a reduced pressure and the addition of 50 ml. of ethyl alcohol afforded a crude solid overnight. It was recrystallized from aqueous ethyl alcohol, showing m.p. 246°-247°C. (dec.). It showed no depression in the mixed-melting point and completely identical infrared spectrum with d-inositol which was supplied by L. Anderson of the University of Wisconsin. The yield was 81% (503 mg., 2.79 mmoles). Anal Calcd. for CgH12Og C, 40.00 H, 6.71 O, 53.29 mol. wt., 180.16. Found C, 40.11 H, 6.67 O, 53.33 mol. wt., 180 (vapor pressure osmometer). 

Ethyl alcohol is also a liquid at room temperature. Its vapor pressure at 20°C is 44 mm, higher than the vapor pressure of water at this same temperature. At 40°C, ethyl alcohol has a vapor pressure of 134 mm at 60°C, the vapor pressure is 352 mm. Again we find that the vapor pressure increases rapidly with increasing temperature. This is always so. The vapor pressure of every liquid increases as the temperature is raised. 

Mathematical models have also predicted a low volatility for methyl parathion (Jury et al. 1983 McLean et al. 1988). One study using a laboratory model designed to mimic conditions at soil pit and evaporation pond disposal sites (Sanders and Seiber 1983) did find a high volatility from the soil pit model (75% of the deposited material), but a low volatility for the evaporation pond model (3. 7% of the deposited material). A study of methyl parathion and the structurally similar compound ethyl parathion, which have similar vapor pressures, foimd that methyl parathion underwent less volatilization than ethyl parathion in a review of the data, the reduced level of volatilization for methyl parathion was determined to be due to its adsorption to the soil phase (Alvarez-Benedi et al. 1999). 

Spencer WF, Shoup TD, death MM, et al. 1979. Vapor pressures and relative volatility of ethyl and methyl parathion. J Agric Food Chem 27 273-278. 

Fig. 111.—Experimental values of the interaction parameter %i plotted against the volume fraction of polymer. Data for polydi-methylsiloxane M =3850) in benzene, A (New-ingi6). polystyrene in methyl ethyl ketone, (Bawn et aV ) and polystyrene in toluene, O (Bawn et alP) are based on vapor pressure measurements. Those for rubber in benzene, T (Gee and Orr ) were obtained using vapor pressure measurements at higher concentrations and isothermal distillation equilibration with solutions of known activities in the dilute range.

Vapor pressure (VP), water solubility ( w), and soil sorption coefficients Koc) are key properties that govern volatilization of agrochemicals from soil. Volatile compounds such as 5 -ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate (EPTC) (VP 4.5 Pa,... 

FIGURE 3.1.1.12.1 Logarithm of vapor pressure versus reciprocal temperature for 1-ethyl-2-methylbenzene (o-ethyltoluene). 

Power, W.H., Woodworth, C.L., Loughary, W.G. (1977) Vapor pressure determination by gas chromatography in the microtorr range-anthracene and triethylene glycol di-2-ethyl butyrate. J. Chromatogr. Sci. 15, 203-207. 

If a solution of ethyl ether, (C2H5)20, in ethanol, C2H5OH, is treated as an ideal solution, what is the mole fraction of ethyl ether in the vapor over an equimolar solution of these two liquids The vapor pressure of ethyl ether is 480 mm Hg at 20°C, and the vapor pressure of ethanol is 50 mm Hg at this temperature. 

Several experiments gave evidence against homotactic or heterotactic association of diene and dienophile. Vapor-pressure measurement for cyclopentadiene (CPD) (Figure 7.2), in pure water and in 10% (w/w) n-PrOH/water, show that Henry s law is obeyed (vapor pressure varies linearly with solute concentration) until [CPD] is 0.03 M in pure water and 0.06 M in ri-PrOH/water. In kinetic measurement the concentration of CPD was always below 0.002 M, indicating that association is highly unlikely. Similar results have been obtained with methyl vinyl ketone, ethyl vinyl ketone, and naphthoquinone. 

The amounts of water absorbed as function of relative water vapor pressure (relative humidity) for HA and its esters are reported in Tables 1-4. HA absorbed the highest amount of water at all humidity levels compared to its esters. The ethyl ester (Hyaff ) absorbs more water than the other two, and the dodecyl ester (Hyaff73) absorbs more water than the benzyl ester (Hyaffll). A small percentage of water absorption hysteresis, between sorption and desorption, was found for the four different materials analyzed. No significant differences in the percentage of hysteresis was found among the HA and the three esters. 

Alderson, N.L., Bhethanabotla, V.R., and Campbell, S.W. Total vapor pressure measurements for 2-ethoxyethanol with methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, and ethyl propionate at 313.15 K and for 2-ethoxyethanol with methyl formate at 308.15 K, /. Chem. Eng. Data, 48(l) 92-96, 2003. 

Nelson, O.A. Vapor pressures of fumigants. II-Methyl, ethyl, a-propyl, isopropyl, a-butyl, secondary butyl, and isobutyl formates, Ind. Eng. Chem., 20(12) 1382-1384, 1928. 

Steele, W.V., Chirico, R.D., Knipmeyer, S.E., and Nguyen, A. Vapor pressure, heat capacity, and density along the saturation line, measurements for cyclohexanol, 2-cyclohexen-l-one, 1,2-dichloropropane, 1,4-di-ferf-butyl benzene, (+)-2-ethyl-hexanoic acid, 2-(methylamino)ethanol, perfluoro-n-heptane, and sulfolane, / Chem. Eng. ilafa, 42(6) 1021-1036,1997a. 

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