Ethyl benzene vapor pressure

Figure 6 Benzene-ethyl alcohol vapor pressure diagram at 50°C. (Data from J Timmermans. Physiochemical Constants of Binary Systems in Concentrated Solutions. Volume 2. New York Interscience, 1960, p 60.)...

Fig. 111.—Experimental values of the interaction parameter %i plotted against the volume fraction of polymer. Data for polydi-methylsiloxane M =3850) in benzene, A (New-ingi6). polystyrene in methyl ethyl ketone, (Bawn et aV ) and polystyrene in toluene, O (Bawn et alP) are based on vapor pressure measurements. Those for rubber in benzene, T (Gee and Orr ) were obtained using vapor pressure measurements at higher concentrations and isothermal distillation equilibration with solutions of known activities in the dilute range.

Steele, W.V., Chirico, R.D., Knipmeyer, S.E., and Nguyen, A. Vapor pressure, heat capacity, and density along the saturation line, measurements for cyclohexanol, 2-cyclohexen-l-one, 1,2-dichloropropane, 1,4-di-ferf-butyl benzene, (+)-2-ethyl-hexanoic acid, 2-(methylamino)ethanol, perfluoro-n-heptane, and sulfolane, / Chem. Eng. ilafa, 42(6) 1021-1036,1997a. 

White orthogonal crystal density 5.6 g/cm melts at 276°C vaporizes at 304°C vapor pressure 5 torr at 166°C and 60 torr at 222°C (the substance is in the sohd state at these temperatures) critical temperature 700°C critical volume 174 cm /mol moderately soluble in water (7.4 g/100 ml, at 20°C), solubility increases in the presence of HCl or Cl ion in the solution pH of 0.2M solution 3.2 soluble in alcohol, ether, acetone and ethyl acetate shghtly soluble in benzene and carbon disulfide. 

MW 100.12 CAS [80-62-6] used in the manufacture of plastics and resins colorless liquid polymerizes boils at 100°C vapor pressure 35 torr at 20°C density 0.944 g/mL soluble in benzene, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, and methyl ethyl ketone. 

At 25°C, the vapor pressure of pure benzene, CgHg, is 96.0 torr, and that of pure ethyl alcohol, C2H5OH, is 44.0 torr. Assuming ideal behavior, calculate the vapor pressure at 25°C of a solution that contains an equal mass of each. 

Disulfuryl fluoride is a clear colorless liquid with a boiling point of 51°. Its vapor pressure over the temperature range —28 to 43° follows the equation logioP(mm.) = 8.015— 1662/T. It has an inhalation toxicity of the same order as that of phosgene, and should be handled only in a well-ventilated area. Its thermal decomposition to sulfur trioxide and sulfuryl fluoride is not very appreciable below 200° but is rapid at 400-500°. In the presence of metal fluorides such as ceaum or sodium fluoride, however, its decomposition point is considerably low er. It hydrolyzes rather slowly to give fluorosulfuric acid. It is not very soluble in cold concentrated sulfuric acid or fluorosulfuric acid, but is soluble in acetonitrile, ethyl ether, carbon tetrachloride, monofluorotrichloromethane, and benzene. 

Quite a number of workers have examined specific aspect of the direct photolysis of substituted benzenes and, although the mechanisms are not fully understood, some important conclusions have been reached. Hentz and Burton examined the photolysis of toluene, ethyl benzene and mesitylene in both liquid and vapor states using a medium-pressure mercury lamp. They concluded that the gas-phase products, hydrogen, methane and ethane, were formed with a quantum yield of about 10 , while polymer formation was much more important. At 150 °C hydrogen was the most important gas-phase product except for the case of ethyl benzene in the vapour, where both methane and ethane were more important than hydrogen. Porter and Wright have shown by flash photolysis that benzyl radicals are formed in the photolysis of toluene and ethyl benzene and have observed the absorption spectrum of the benzyl radical. 

Reference to Table 1 shows that a number of organic solvents are inflammable. Both methyl and ethyl alcohols are inflammable in addition methyl alcohol is poisonous when absorbed in sufficient quantities in the body. The terms inflammable and poisonous need some explanation. The inflammability of a substance depends to some extent on its vapor pressure at ordinary temperatures. For example, ether and benzene are more inflammable than ethyl alcohol. Another factor to be considered with reference to the inflammability of solvents is the relative ease with which the fire of the burning solvent can be extinguished. Addition of water in sufficient amounts will extinguish the fire in a vessel which contains alcohol, but will only help to spread the fire if the burning substance is benzene. The latter is immiscible with water and floats on top of water. Therefore, addition of water to benzene on fire may spread the water along with a layer of burning liquid. 

Using the vapor pressure data for ethyl benzene, plotted in the form of In />vap vs 1/7 , we find... 

Acrylonitrile is miscible in a wide range of oiganic solvents, including acetone, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, ethylene cyanohydrin, petroleum ether, toluene, some kerosenes, and methanol. Compositions of some common azeotropes of acrylonitrile are given in Table 3. Table 4 presents the solubility of acrylonitrile in water as a function of temperature (6). Vapor—liquid equilibria for acrylonitrile in combination with acetonitrile, acrolein, HCN, and water have been published (6—9). Table 5 gives the vapor pressure of acrylonitrile over aqueous solutions. 

Purification. Distillation is most commonly used for purifying solvents. Solvents with different vapor pressures can be separated from one another by fractional distillation. Azeotropic mixtures can be separated by extractive or azeotropic distillation (e.g., addition of benzene to a water-ethanol mixture), by chemical reaction of a component (e.g., addition of acetic anhydride to an ethanol-ethyl acetate mixture), or by altering the pressure during distillation. 

Properties Wh. cryst. solid odorless very sol. in alcohol, water, ether, dimethyl sulfoxide sol. in acetone, ethyl acetate mod. sol. in chloroform si. sol. in benzene m.w. 71.08 sp.gr. 1.12 (30 C) vapor pressure 0.007 mm Hg m.p. 83-86 C b.p. 87 C Toxicology TLV-TWA 0.03 mg/m (skin) LD50 (oral, rat) 124 mg/kg poisonous material harmful if inhaled, absorbed thru skin, or ingested suspected human carcinogen possible reproductive hazard mutagen TSCA listed... 

Properties Colorless liq. ammonia-like odor sol. in acetone, benzene, ethyl ether, heptane, perchloroethylene insol. in water, reacts slowly m.w. 161.44 dens. 0.77 vapor pressure 79 mm (50 C) b.p. 125 C flash pt. (CC) 27 C ref. index 1.4057 dielec, const. 2.27 (1000 Hz) Toxicology PEL 6 mg/m LD50 (oral, rat) 850 mg/kg LDLo (IP, mouse) 650 mg/kg mod. toxic by Ing. and IP route causes severe bums to eyes and Irritation of skin experimental tumorigen questionable carcinogen TSCA listed... 

Properties Wh. cryst. powd. sol. in benzene, oxygenated and aromatic soivs. si. sol. in petrol, ether, ethyl ether hydrolyzed by hot water m.w. 152.16 dens. 1.375 (25/20 C) vapor pressure 0.01 mm (20 C) m.p. 102 C b.p. 195 C (50 mm) flash pt. (OC) 157 C Toxicology LD50 (oral, rat) 5410 mg/kg LDLo (IP, mouse) 500 mg/kg mod. toxic by IP route mildly toxic by ing. corrosive irritant to skin, eyes, mucous membranes TSCA listed Precaution Combustible exposed to heat or flame reactive with water/ steam to produce heat can react with oxidizers Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes Storage Hygroscopic... 

Properties Coloriess liq. or pale yel. cryst. sol. in most org. soivs. misc. with acetone, benzene, chlorofomt, dioxane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, xylene insol. in water m.w. 243.24 dens. 1.1133 (30 C) vapor pressure 1 mm (100 C) m.p. 27 C b.p. 120 C (5 mm) flash pt. > 176 F Toxicology LD50 (oral, rat) 590 mg/kg, (IV, mouse) 180 mg/kg poison by IV route toxic by ing. and inh. harmful solid TSCA listed Precaution Flamm. exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers avoid contact with acid... 

Classification Aromatic ketone Empirical C14H10O2 Formula CeHsCOCOCeHs Properties Yel. cryst. solid sol. in alcohol, ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, benzene, toluene, nitrobenzene, most org. soivs. insol. in water m.w. 210.23 dens. 1.23 (15/4 C) vapor pressure 1 mm (128.4 C) m.p. 94-96 C b.p. 346-348 C (dec.)... 

Synonyms Alcohol Ca 2-EH 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol 2-Ethylhexan-1-ol 2-Ethylhexyl alcohol 1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl Classification Alcohol Empirical CaHiaO Formula CH3(CH2)3CHC2H5CH20H Properties Colorless to pale yel. clear liq., mild oily sweet si. rose fragrance sol. in ethanol, ether, diethyl ether, DMSO, acetone, benzene, chloroform misc. with most org. soivs. si. sol. in water m.w. 130.26 dens. 0.83 (20 C) vapor pressure 0.05 mm Hg (20 C) f.p. -76 C b.p. 183.5 C flash pt. 81.1 C ref. index 1.4300 (20 C) surf, tens. 27.6 dynes/cm (20 C)... 

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