Physical properties ethers

Decabromodiphenylethane, physical properties of, 4 355t Decabromodiphenyl ether, physical properties of, 4 355t Decabromodiphenyl oxide (Deca),... 

The uranium(IV) chloride prepared by this method is dark green in color. Since it is sensitive to moisture, it should be handled in a drybox. It melts at 863 K and dissolves readily in water with decomposition. The chloride is soluble in most polar organic solvents but is insoluble in hydrocarbons and diethyl ether. Physical properties and thermochemical data for this compound have been reported ... 

Physical Properties. All th e ethers are insoluble in water. The aliphatic ethers have strong characteristic odours, have anaesthetic properties and are extremely inflammable. 

The low reactivity of aliphatic ethers renders the problem of the preparation of suitable crystalline derivatives a somewhat difficult one. Increased importance is therefore attached to the physical properties (boding point, density and refractive index) as a means for providing preliminary information. There are, however, two reactions based upon the cleavage of the ethers which are useful for characterisation. 

The physical properties of a number of aliphatic ethers are collected in Table 111,60. Some related heterocyclic compounds are included in the Table. 

The production of both an alcohol and the sodium salt of an acid might easily be confused with the hydrolysis products of an ester (in the above instance benzyl benzoate). Such an error would soon be discovered (e.g., by reference to the b.p. and other physical properties), but it would lead to an unnecessary expenditure of time and energy. The above example, however, emphasises the importance of conducting the class reactions of neutral oxygen-containing compounds in the proper order, viz., (1) aldehydes and ketones, (2) esters and anhydrides, (3) alcohols, and (4) ethers. 

It IS instructive to compare the physical properties of ethers with alkanes and alcohols With respect to boiling point ethers resemble alkanes more than alcohols With respect to solubility m water the reverse is true ethers resemble alcohols more than alkanes Why" ... 

TABLE C Selected Physical Properties of Representative Alcohols Ethers and Phenols ... 

Physical Properties. Furfuryl alcohol (2-furanmethanol) [98-00-0] is aHquid, colorless, primary alcohol with a mild odor. On exposure to air, it gradually darkens in color. Furfuryl alcohol is completely miscible with water, alcohol, ether, acetone, and ethyl acetate, and most other organic solvents with the exception of paraffinic hydrocarbons. It is an exceUent, highly polar solvent, and dissolves many resins. 

Physical Properties. Furan, a colorless Hquid with a strong ethereal odor, is low-boiling and highly flammable. It is miscible with most common organic solvents but only very slightly soluble in water. The physical properties of furan are Hsted in Table 1. 

The physical properties of cyanoacetic acid [372-09-8] and two of its ester derivatives are Hsted ia Table 11 (82). The parent acid is a strong organic acid with a dissociation constant at 25°C of 3.36 x 10. It is prepared by the reaction of chloroacetic acid with sodium cyanide. It is hygroscopic and highly soluble ia alcohols and diethyl ether but iasoluble ia both aromatic and aUphatic hydrocarbons. It undergoes typical nitrile and acid reactions but the presence of the nitrile and the carboxyUc acid on the same carbon cause the hydrogens on C-2 to be readily replaced. The resulting malonic acid derivative decarboxylates to a substituted acrylonitrile ... 

Dichloroacetic acid [79-43-6] (CI2CHCOOH), mol wt 128.94, C2H2CI2O2, is a reactive intermediate in organic synthesis. Physical properties are mp 13.9°C, bp 194°C, density 1.5634 g/mL, and refractive index 1.4658, both at 20°C. The Hquid is totally miscible in water, ethyl alcohol, and ether. Dichloroacetic acid K = 5.14 X 10 ) is a stronger acid than chloroacetic acid. Most chemical reactions are similar to those of chloroacetic acid, although both chlorine... 

Vinyl Ethers. The principal commercial vinyl ethers are methyl vinyl ether (methoxyethene, C H O) [107-25-5], ethyl vinyl ether (ethoxyethene, C HgO) [104-92-2], and butyl vinyl ether (1-ethenyloxybutane, C H 20) [111-34-2]. (See Table 8 for physical properties.) Others such as the isopropyl, isobutyl, hydroxybutyl, decyl, hexadecyl, and octadecyl ethers, as well as the divinyl ethers of butanediol and of triethylene glycol, have been offered as development chemicals (see Ethers). 

The polymeric products can be made to vary widely in physical properties through controlled variation in the ratios of monomers employed in thek preparation, cross-linking, and control of molecular weight. They share common quaHties of high resistance to chemical and environmental attack, excellent clarity, and attractive strength properties (see Acrylic ester polymers). In addition to acryHc acid itself, methyl, ethyl, butyl, isobutyl, and 2-ethylhexyl acrylates are manufactured on a large scale and are available in better than 98—99% purity (4). They usually contain 10—200 ppm of hydroquinone monomethyl ether as polymerization inhibitor. 

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