Vinyl ether physical properties

Vinyl Ethers. The principal commercial vinyl ethers are methyl vinyl ether (methoxyethene, C H O) [107-25-5], ethyl vinyl ether (ethoxyethene, C HgO) [104-92-2], and butyl vinyl ether (1-ethenyloxybutane, C H 20) [111-34-2]. (See Table 8 for physical properties.) Others such as the isopropyl, isobutyl, hydroxybutyl, decyl, hexadecyl, and octadecyl ethers, as well as the divinyl ethers of butanediol and of triethylene glycol, have been offered as development chemicals (see Ethers). 

Monomer Properties. Some physical properties of the lower homologues of vinyl ether are presented in Table 1. 

Table 1. Physical Properties of the Lower Vinyl Ethers ...

Ethyl vinyl ether, 1 254, 258 derivation from ethanol, 10 557 physical properties of, l 255t Ethynylation, acetylene, 1 181, 231-249 Etretinate, 25 790 Etridiazole, 23 629... 

Di-p-chloro-bis(i74-l,5-cyclooctadiene)dirhodium(I) is a yellow-orange, air-stable solid. It can be used directly as obtained for preparative purposes5 or as a precursor for homogeneous catalysts.3,4 It can be recrystallized from dichloro-methane-diethyl ether to give orange prisms. The compound is soluble in dichloro-methane somewhat less soluble in acetone and insoluble in pentane and diethyl ether. Characteristic strong bands occur in the infrared spectrum at 819, 964, and 998 cm 1 (Nujol mull). The cyclooctadiene vinylic protons resonate in the 1H NMR spectrum at t 5.7 and the allylic protons at t 7.4-8.3 (deuteriochloroform solution). Other physical properties are given by Chatt.1... 

Table 12. Physical properties of the most stereoregular fraction of the polymers of the optically active and racemic (1-methyl-propyl)-vinyl-ether and (2-methyl-butyl)-vinyl-ether obtained using the Al(i-OCaH1)g-HtSOi catalytic system (65)...

TABLE 1 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE LOWER VINYL ETHERS... 

The most common advanced composites are made of thermosetting resins, such as epoxy polymers (the most popular singlematrix material), polyesters, vinyl esters, polyurethanes, polyimids, cianamids, bismaleimides, silicones, and melamine. Some of the most widely used thermoplastic polymers are polyvinyl chloride (PVC), PPE (poly[phenylene ether]), polypropylene, PEEK (poly [etheretherketone]), and ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene). The precise matrix selected for any given product depends primarily on the physical properties desired for that product. Each type of resin has its own characteristic thermal properties (such as melting point... 

Alkyl vinyl ethers (CH2=CH—OR R = ethyl or higher alkyl) are washed successively with 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and deionized water and distilled at least twice over calcium hydride. The final cut is distributed into small brown ampoules under dry nitrogen and sealed immediately before being stored in a refrigerator. The following show some physical properties needed for experiments ... 

In silicone chemistry, there has been recently a resurgent interest in the chemistry and technology of photocurable compositions derived from epoxy and vinyl ether silicones. Several types of silicones with vinyl and epoxy groups were designed [1, 2] which differ in functionality, spacer group and monomer content. The cured products have excellent physical properties and are of commercial interest in a number of areas. The crosslinking chemistry of such modifided silicones involves the well known cationic crosslinking/polymerization of vinyl ethers. The silicone unit acts basically as an internal solvent. The... 

Thiol-Ene Photopolymerization The thiol-ene polymerization of suitable systems (10.84) in film is insensitive to oxygen. The reaction refers to the addition of a thiol to a double bond (e.g., vinyl, allyl, acrylate, and methacrylate) [310] and has led in these past years to a new revival of interest [311,312]. Thiol-vinyl ether or -allyl ether polymerization shows some following interesting features very fast process, low or even no oxygen inhibition effect and formation of highly cross-linked networks with good adhesion, and physical and mechanical properties. 

In the previous section it was suggested that the parent polymer structure considerably influence the physical properties of the derived polysulfonates, imparting to them some of the mechanical and thermal properties of the precursors. This trend is particularly evident in the case of the perfluorinated hydrocarbon polymers. Polymers of this kind, such as e.g., poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) are exceptional in their inertness to offensive environment, solvent resistance and high-temperature stability. These considerations led in the sixties to the development of unique sulfonic-acid derivatives of fluorocarbon copolymers by the DuPont Company. While several compositions were disclosed in the patent literature51, the preferred composition, which is the basis for the commercial Nafion ion-exchange membrane, is a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene with a perfluorinated vinyl ether/sulfonyl fluoride52 ... 

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES colorless to water-white liquid peppermint-like odor soluble in ether, acetone alcohol, cellulose ester, and vinyl resins not soluble in water MP... 

Attempts have been made over time to improve the physical properties of novolacs. The use of phenol formaldehyde resins prepared in alkaline medium in photoresist compositions is mentioned in a Kalle Co. AG patent. The use of polyvinyl ethers in combination with novolacs to impart stickiness and plasticization action to the latter was patented by Christensen. Steinhoff, Isaacson, and Roelants of the Shipley Company mention the use of vinyl ethers in a patent on roller coating. Lower alkyl polyvinyl ethers, such as methyl, ethyl, butyl, and isobutyl, are added to novolac resins to improve coating flexibility and adhesion to metal surfaces as well as to improve resistance to mildly alkaline solutions. The use of styrene, methyl styrene, and styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers in combination with novolac was mentioned in several patents of both Shipley and Kalle Co. AG. When novolac is copolymerized with maleic anhydride, a resin that is readily soluble in alkaline solutions is obtained. ... 

Staudinger predicted a correlation between the physical properties of a polymer and its main-chain stereochemistry as early as 1929. Flowever it was not imtil 1947 that Schildknecht reported the first stereoregular synthetic polymer. - Amidst considerable controversy, he attributed the crystalline properties of a polyfisobutyl vinyl ether) to an ordered stereochemistry, or tacticity, of the polymer backbone. In 1954, research in the field of stereoregular polymers gained a tremendous amormt of momentum when Natta discovered the synthesis of a crystalline isotactic polypropylene using a heterogeneous or-ganometallic catalyst. Since these initial discoveries, the synthesis of polymers of defined stereochemistry... 

The main reason for the limited industrial application of radiation-induced cationic polymerization is that oligomers that offer high cure rates are not commercially available. So far, due to their excellent combination of chemical, physical and electrical properties, only multifunctional epoxy oligomers have been used, but these have poor cure speeds compared to acrylate based systems. This is a serious limitation. Interesting alternatives to the epoxys are oligomers based on highly reactive vinyl ethers (21. 22) and the recently developed distsrrene ethers (23). which are as reactive as vinyl... 

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