Methyl vinyl ether physical properties

Vinyl Ethers. The principal commercial vinyl ethers are methyl vinyl ether (methoxyethene, C H O) [107-25-5], ethyl vinyl ether (ethoxyethene, C HgO) [104-92-2], and butyl vinyl ether (1-ethenyloxybutane, C H 20) [111-34-2]. (See Table 8 for physical properties.) Others such as the isopropyl, isobutyl, hydroxybutyl, decyl, hexadecyl, and octadecyl ethers, as well as the divinyl ethers of butanediol and of triethylene glycol, have been offered as development chemicals (see Ethers). 

Maleic copolymers, especially those with alkyl vinyl ethers, were used in drug formulations where only physical interactions occurred between the polymer matrix and the therapeutic agent. The polymers used in the formulations should be biocompatible, nontoxic, and should not induce allergic or pyrogenic reactions. Poly(maleic anhydride-co-methyl vinyl ether) (MA-MVE) is such a polymer, being approved by the FDA. Commercialized as Gantrez AN, MA-MVE copolymer is used as pharmaceutical excipient due to its bio/mucoadhesion and excellent film-forming properties [137]. 

With the exception of styrene, a-olefins, vinyl acetate, and vinyl ethers, little has been published on the physical and chemical properties of alternating MA copolymers, even though there is a wide variety of alternating MA copolymers referred to in the literature. This situation exists mainly because only copolymers made with styrene, ethylene, vinyl acetate, and methyl vinyl ether ever developed substantial market interest. It is estimated that currently about 19 MM lb of MA is being used for the production of all types of copolymers. 

Table 12. Physical properties of the most stereoregular fraction of the polymers of the optically active and racemic (1-methyl-propyl)-vinyl-ether and (2-methyl-butyl)-vinyl-ether obtained using the Al(i-OCaH1)g-HtSOi catalytic system (65)...

Attempts have been made over time to improve the physical properties of novolacs. The use of phenol formaldehyde resins prepared in alkaline medium in photoresist compositions is mentioned in a Kalle Co. AG patent. The use of polyvinyl ethers in combination with novolacs to impart stickiness and plasticization action to the latter was patented by Christensen. Steinhoff, Isaacson, and Roelants of the Shipley Company mention the use of vinyl ethers in a patent on roller coating. Lower alkyl polyvinyl ethers, such as methyl, ethyl, butyl, and isobutyl, are added to novolac resins to improve coating flexibility and adhesion to metal surfaces as well as to improve resistance to mildly alkaline solutions. The use of styrene, methyl styrene, and styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers in combination with novolac was mentioned in several patents of both Shipley and Kalle Co. AG. When novolac is copolymerized with maleic anhydride, a resin that is readily soluble in alkaline solutions is obtained. ... 

Polypyrrole colloids can be easily synthesised via dispersion polymerization using a wide range of commercial water-soluble nonionic polymers such as methylcel-lulose [21], poly(vinyl alcohol) [22,23], poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) [14,20-22], poly( vinyl methyl ether) [24,25], and poly(ethyIene oxide) [26-28]. Cationic [29,30] and anionic [31] polyelectrolytes have also been successfully used as polymeric stabilizers. The water-soluble polymer is physically adsorbed onto the surface of the growing polypyrrole particles, probably via a hydrogen bonding mechanism in many cases (see Fig. 17.1). The physicochemical properties of this steric stabilizer layer can have a profound influence on the colloi-... 

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