Ethanolic leaf extract

The basic fraction of the ethanolic leaf extract of the Malaysian plant Kopsia griffithii exhibits a strong antileishmania activity. One of the two novel alkaloids isolated from this plant in 1998 was the indolizidino[8,7-fo]indole harmicine [17]. Synthetic approaches to harmicine became attractive owing to its pharmacological potential [18,19]. We applied our three-step pyrrolidine annulation strategy to the synthesis of harmicine (Scheme 15.5) [19]. 

Castano HI, Giro G, Zapata JE, Jimenez SL (2010) Bactericidal activity of ethanolic leaf extract and leaf essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis L. on some foodborne bacteria. Vitae-Columbia 17(2) 149-154... 

The 50% ethanolic leaf extracts of A. uva-ursi and other species inhibited melanin biosynthesis and displayed SOD-like activity, which may be useful in skin-whitening preparations."... 

Antifungal activity. Ethanol (50%) extract of the entire plant, in broth culture at a concentration of 1 mg/mL, was inactive on Aspergillus fumigatus and Trichophyton men tagrophytes Hot water extract of the leaf on agar plate at a concentration of 1.0% was active on Altemaria tenuis, Pythium aphu ... 

Toxicity assessment. Ethanol (50%) extract of the entire plant, administered intraperitoneally to mice produced lethal dose (LDljf, 316 mg/kg . Ethanol (95%) extract of the leaf, administered by gastric intubation to mice, produced LDg, 10 g/kg. Intraperitoneal administration produced CD, 0.7g/kg<= . 

Analgesic activity. Ethanol (50%) extract of the entire plant, administered intraperi-toneally to mice at a dose of 250 mg/kg, was active vs tail pressure method Flavonoid fraction of the leaf, administered intraperi-toneally to mice, was active 5 The inflorescence, administered orally to male rats, produced weak activity vs paw pressure test. 

Anaphrodisiac effect. Tincture of the resin, administered intraperitoneally to male mice at a dose of 12.5 mg/kg, produced a significant reduction in mounts and attempted mounts. Other behaviorial activities were unaffected . Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition. Ethanol (100%) extract of the dried leaf at a concentration of 333.3 pg/mL produced weak activity, and the water extract was inactive . 

Anti-anaphylactic activity. Water extract of the dried fruit, at a concentration of 1 pg/ mL, produced weak activity on the rat Leuk-RBL 2H3 vs biotinyl immunoglobulin E-avidin complex-induced degranulation of (3-hexosaminidase 5 Anti-androgenic effect. Ethanol (95%) extract of the aerial parts, administered intraperitoneally to castrated mice at a dose of 2 mg/animal, produced strong activity The dried leaf, smoked by 13 male adults for 21 days, was inactive . 

Anti-estrogenic effect. Ethanol (95%) extract of the dried aerial parts, administered intragastric to rats at variable doses was inactive . Petroleum ether extract of the dried leaf, administered intraperitoneally to female rats at a dose equivalent to 10 mg/kg tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on 11-21 days of age, was active . Antifertility effect. Petroleum ether extract of the entire plant, administered by gastric intubation to female mice at doses of 75 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg, was active. A dose of 3 mg/kg, produced weak activity ". Resin, administered by gastric intubation to male mice at variable dosage levels, was inactive . ... 

Spasmogenic activity. Ethanol (95%) extract of the fresh leaf and stem, administered to guinea pigs at a dose of 0.5 mL/L, was active on ileum. Water extract of the fresh leaf and stem, administered intraperi-toneally to guinea pigs at a dose of 0.5 mL/L, was active on ileum . 

Spermicidal effect. Ethanol (50%) extract of the leaf, administered to male rats, was... 

Toxicity assessment. Ethanol (50%) extract DC002 of the root, administered intraperitoneally to mice, produced LDj , 500 mg/kg ° T Tumor promotion inhibition. Methanol extract of the dried leaf, in cell culture at a concentration of 200 pg/disc, was inactive on EBV vs 12 0 hexadecanoylphorhol 13 DC004 acetate-induced EBV activation . 

Toxicity assessment. Ethanol (50%) extract of the seed, administered intraperito-neally to mice, produced a maximum tolerated dose of 1 g/kg . Hexane extract of the green leaf juice, administered in ration of rats, produced lethal dosejo greater than 10 g/kg . 

Anti-convulsant activity. Methanol (50%) extract of the dried leaf, administered to mice, was active vs leptazol-induced convulsions . Ethanol (70%) extract of the fresh leaf, administered intraperito-neally to mice of both sexes at variable doses, was active vs metrazole- and strychnine-induced convulsions . Anti-estrogenic effect. Aqueous extract of the dried leaf smoke, administered to female adults at a concentration of 25.0 pL/plate, was active on granulosa cells. Results significant atp < 0.001 level . 

Antibacterial activity. Decoction of the dried fruit, on agar plate, was inactive on Pseudomonas aeruginosa° K Water extract of the dried fruit, on agar plate, was active on Salmonella typhi, inhibitory concentration (10)5010-3 p.g/mL . Water extract of the dried fruit, on agar plate at a concentration of 62.5 mg/mL, was inactive on Escheri chia coli and Staphylococcus aureus° . Water extract of the dried fruit, on agar plate at a concentration of 1 mg/mL, was inactive on Salmonella typhi . ITot water extract of the dried fruit, on agar plate at a concentration of 62.5 mg/mL, was inactive on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus° . Ethanol (100%) extract of the fresh leaf, on agar plate, at a concentration of 2.5 mg/disc, was... 

Anticrustacean activity. Ethanol (10%) extract of the fresh leaf was active on Anemia salina, lethal doscjo 164 M-g/mh. The... 

Chronotropic effect negative. Ethanol (50%) extract of the fresh leaf, administered by gastric intubation to rats at a dose of 40 mL/kg, produced weak activity. Results were significant at p < 0.05 level ". Glycerin/ ethanol extract of the fresh leaf, administered intragastrically to dogs at a dose of 20 mg/kg, produced an increase in length of sinusal cycle (16%), sinoatrial conduction time (27%), and sinus node recovery time (31%) . 

Hypothermic activity. Ethanol extract of the plant, administered intraperitoneally to guinea pigs, was inactive . Hypouricemic activity. An aqueous leaf extract, administered repeatedly to male and female rats at doses of 37.5, 75, 150, 300, 600, and 1200 mg/kg daily for 60 days, produced an increase of weight, hypotension, hypoglycemia, and hypouricemia 5 Immunosuppressant activity. Seed oil, administered in ration of mice, was active . Inotropic effect positive. Glycerin/etha-nol extract of the leaf, administered to rabbits at a dose of 5 mg/mL, was active on heart k Ethanol (95%), glycerin, and ethanol/glycerin extracts of the seed oil, administered to rabbits at a dose of 5 mg/mL, were active on heart ° . 

Oxygen radical inhibition. Seed oil, administered to rats at a concentration of 8% of diet, was active on macrophages. Gapsai-cin or curcumin enhanced the effecG. Phagocytosis stimulation. Ethanol (95%) extract and unsaponifiable fraction of the dried leaf, administered intraperitoneally to male mice at a dose of 0.5 mL/animal, were inactive . 

Spasmolytic activity. Ethanol (95%), ethanol/glycerin, and glycerin extracts of the leaf, administered to guinea pigs at a dose of 50 mg/kg, was active vs vasopressin-induced coronary spasms as determined from electrocardiogram ". Ethanol (30%) extract of the dried leaf, administered to rabbits at a concentration of 1 mg/mL, was active on aorta vs K -induced contractions ". Decoction of the dried leaf, administered to rats, was active on aorta, IC501.12 mg/mL. The effect of the lyophilized extract on phenylephrine-induced contraction and endothelium was present. Decoction of the dried leaf, administered to rats, was active on the aorta vs phenylephrine-induced contraction, IC501.16 mg/mL. Water extract of the dried leaf, administered to rats at a dose of 3 mg/mL, was active on trachea vs acetylcholine-induced contractions ". Superoxide production inhibition. Seed oil, administered to rats at a concentration... 

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