Ethanol production from waste

The most studied system for agricultural waste recycling is their bioconversion into fiiels [1], such as ethanol production from sugarcane molasses, citrus peels [2] and whey [3],... 

Such intensive use of land will make very large demands on available water supplies and soil corrosion is also an important issue. There is even a debate over the overall reduction in fossil energy use and actual contribution to C02 abatement for the case of ethanol production from com [9]. Since waste arises from biomass or fossil fuel, to introduce waste products in the conversion scheme, which of course should be done, does not help in the overall scheme we discuss here. This is bom out by economic predictions (Table 1.2). 

Wieczorek, A. and Kosaric, N., Analysis of ethanol production from Jerusalem artichoke in a farm-scale operation, in Energy from Biomass and Wastes VIII, Proceedings of Symposium, Institute of Gas and Technology, Lake Buena Vista, FL, 1984, pp. 1113-1130. 

Figure 3. Merriam ethanol production from pulp mill wastes...

Jeihanipour A, Taherzadeh MJ. (2009). Ethanol production from cotton-based waste textiles. Bioresour Technol, 100, 1007-1010. 

Ito T, Nakashimada Y, Senba K, Matsui T, Nishio N. (2005). Hydrogen and ethanol production from glycerol-containing wastes discharged after biodiesel manufacturing process. J Biosci... 

Huang, H., Qureshi, N., Chen, M.-H., Liu, W., Singh, V., 2015b. Ethanol production from food waste at high solids content with vacuum recovery technology. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 63 (10), 2760—2766. 

Le Man, H., Behera, S.K., Park, H.S., 2010. Optimization of operational parameters for ethanol production from Korean food waste leachate. International Journal of Environmental Science 7 (1), 157-164. 

Matsakas, L., Christakopoulos, P., 2015. Ethanol production from enzymatically treated dried food waste using enzymes produced on-site. Sustainability 7 (2), 1446—1458. 

Oberoi, H.S., Vadlani, P.V., Nanjundaswamy, A., Bansal, S., Singh, S., Kaur, S., Babbar, N., 2011. Enhanced ethanol production from Kinnow mandarin Citrus reticulata) waste via a statistically optimized simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process. Bioresource Technology 102 (2), 1593-1601. 

Tang, Y.-Q., Koike, Y., Liu, K., An, M.-Z., Morimura, S., Wu, X.-L., Kida, K., 2008. Ethanol production from kitchen waste using the flocculating yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain KF-7. Biomass Bioenergy 32 (11), 1037—1045. 

Yan, S., Wang, P., Zhai, Z., Yao, J., 2011a. Fuel ethanol production from concentrated food waste hydrolysates in immobilized cell reactors by Saccharomyces cerevisiae H058. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology 86 (5), 731—738. 

Yan, S.B., Chen, X.S., Wu, J.Y., Wang, P.C., 2012b. Ethanol production from concentrated food waste hydrolysates with yeast cells immobilized on com stalk. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 94 (3), 829—838. 

In Table 1 som system characteristics essential for understanding vhere risks can be generated in three alcohol-producing systems are compared with each other. Methanol production via gasification of coal has been included to show the difference between a fossil and biomass resource. Methanol production leads to whole-resource utilization something which today is not possible with existing techniques for ethanol production from cellulose-containing plants. Ihe waste streams from ethanol production... 

In the acid hydrolysis process (79—81), wood is treated with concentrated or dilute acid solution to produce a lignin-rich residue and a Hquor containing sugars, organic acids, furfural, and other chemicals. The process is adaptable to all species and all forms of wood waste. The Hquor can be concentrated to a molasses for animal feed (82), used as a substrate for fermentation to ethanol or yeast (82), or dehydrated to furfural and levulinic acid (83—86). Attempts have been made to obtain marketable products from the lignin residue (87) rather than using it as a fuel, but currently only carbohydrate-derived products appear practical. 

To avoid this, we have employed hydrophobic resins for concentration and isolation of the products from aqueous media [49]. Organics are retained on the resin and subsequently can be desorbed with solvents such as ethanol, which is useful for green chemistry as it is readily recyclable, renewable and biodegradable. Nonextractive processes offer convenience, can be conducted with high throughput and afford low waste owing to ready disposal of the spent water, recyclability of the resin and the solvent used for desorption. 

The situation with regard to ethanol is much clearer there is long industrial experience in the manufacture of ethanol from wood, by fermentation of the sugars in the waste effluents of pulp mills, or of the sugars made by wood hydrolysis ( ). In the years following World War II, wood hydrolysis plants have been unable to compete economically with petroleum-based ethanol synthesis, mainly by hydration of ethylene, and they have been shut down in most countries. However, in the Soviet Union, we understand, there are still about 30 wood hydrolysis plants in operation (10). Many of these are used for fodder yeast production (11) but the wood sugars are also available for ethanol production. 

Ethanol and distilled spirits are produced from various renewable raw materials such as fruits, grapes, grain, sugar beet, and sugar cane, and even from waste materials like pomace and other fermentation residues thus, production of spirit drinks, especially distilled spirits, is based on further essential issues and components of sustainability ... 

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