Textile waste

There are many reasons why animal, vegetable, or mineral oils are associated with fibre products  

Under appropriate circumstances the oils associated with fibres undergo oxidation and other reactions in the presence of air or through self-oxidation as they dry. These reactions can generate sufficient heat to cause the fibres (many of which are made of combustible materials and all of which have high relative surface area on which reactions can proceed) to reach the point of spontaneous combustion (linters present a particular risk of spontaneous 

Fabrics impregnated with weakly nitrated nitrocellulose, n.o.s. (including toe puffs, nitrocellulose base), see Nitrocellulose Products, p.l61 

Fibres impregnated with weakly nitrated nitrocellulose, n.o.s., see Nitrocellulose 

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Frijters CTMJ, Vos RH, Scheffer G et al (2004) Decolorizing and detoxifying textile waste-water in a full-scale sequential anaerobic-aerobic system. In Guiot SR, vol 4. IWA Publishing, London, pp 2387-2390... 

Table 1 Representative Limits Defined for Release of Textile Waste Water...

Bechtold, T. Burtscher, E. Turcanu, A. Cathodic decolourisation of textile waste water containing reactive dyes using a multi-cathode electrolyser. J. Chem Technol. Biot. 2001, 76, 300-311. Bechtold, T. Mader, J. Mader, C. Entfarbung von Reaktivfarbstoffen durch kathodische Reduktion. Melliand Textil. 2002, 83, 361-364. 

Uygur, A. An overview of oxidative and photooxidative decolorisation treatments of textile waste waters. J. Soc. Dyers Colour. 1997, 113, 211-217. 

Aqueous systems have been used in separations, coatings, and synthesis. Aqueous biphasic systems have been developed for hquid-liquid extractions using water-soluble polymers such as polyethylene glycol, and inorganic salts such as ammonium chloride or potassium phosphate (Rogers et al., 1998), (Sherman et al., 1998). These systems have been investigated for use in the separation and recovery of heavy metals from mixed wastes and in the recovery of colored impurities from textile waste streams (Sherman et al., 1998). 

BC Berlin Consult GmbH (1996) Textile waste water pre-treatment plant Gorlitz, Technical Information. 

More recently, Gangneux et al (11) developed a method for grafting acrylic acid onto cellulose powder, "Solka Floe," for use in textile waste treatment. The cellulose was treated with ceric ion in aqueous solution prior to its reaction with acrylic acid. A benzene-acrylic acid solution was used for grafting to reduce homopolymerization. Presumably, the hydrated ceric ion would not diffuse into the monomer solution to initiate homopolymerization although the reverse could still take place. They obtained grafting yields up to approximately 70% accompanied by 45% homopolymer. In the present investigation, their method is extended to fibers and additional emphasis is placed on the reduction of homopolymerization. 

The silver-loaded titania photocatalysts possess high activity in the photocatalytic decomposition of ozone [38], photoreduction of various thiols [39], photodestruction of 1,4-dichlorobenzene [40], dehydrogenation and oxidation of alcohols (e.g. of 2-propanole [41,42]), decoloration of textile waste water [43], photokilling of bacteria [44], and others. For additional detailed information on this topic, one can use a number of review articles and books [e.g. 45-48]. 

Based on these results, a pilot plant (shown in Fig. 11) has been built at the site of a textile factory in Tunisia (Menzel Temime). The TFFBR was chosen because previous studies showed sufficient degradation rates with the selected textile waste water in combination with its simple, low cost construction and the low energy consumption [263]. However, to integrate results obtained with suspended catalysts showing in some cases a higher efficiency than the fixed system, the possibility of using suspended catalysts has also been considered. 

Fig. 7.17 Comparison of the efficiency of COD removal from a synthetic textile waste-water by AOP pretreatment followed by subsequent biological treatment and the relative contributions to the total diminution of COD (laboratory scale experiments). The first column represents the biological reference ex-...

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