Ethanol naming

Acetyl-CoA may also contribute to the dilferent susceptibility of particular individuals to the addictive elfects of ethanol. Namely, nerve terminals from brains of short-sleeping, ethanol-preferring rats contained 30% less acetyl-CoA... 

Still, the disadvantages of ethanol named above make it less attractive to further develop its production. Instead, scientists are trying to generate new fuel molecules with more favourable properties. One of these is butanol. 

The alcohol and concentrated acid are heated to about 170 °C. The concentrated acid does not change chemically during the reaction, a Write an equation showing the dehydration of ethanol using concentrated sulfuric acid, b If propan-l-ol was used instead of ethanol, name the organic product formed. 

In an experiment, a slight excess of the hydride is employed to ensure the complete reduction the unused hydride must then be destroyed. This can be done by the cautious addition of (rt) water, or (6) ordinary undried ether, which will ensure that the supply of water is both small and gradual, or (c) an ester such as ethyl acetate, which will be reduced to ethanol. The first of these methods, namely the addition of water, is hazardous and should be avoided. 

Gram alcohol (Section 4 3) A common name for ethanol (CH3CH2OH)... 

Acetaldehyde [75-07-0] (ethanal), CH CHO, was first prepared by Scheele ia 1774, by the action of manganese dioxide [1313-13-9] and sulfuric acid [7664-93-9] on ethanol [64-17-5]. The stmcture of acetaldehyde was estabhshed in 1835 by Liebig from a pure sample prepared by oxidising ethyl alcohol with chromic acid. Liebig named the compound "aldehyde" from the Latin words translated as al(cohol) dehyd(rogenated). The formation of acetaldehyde by the addition of water [7732-18-5] to acetylene [74-86-2] was observed by Kutscherow] in 1881. 

All named compounds are soluble in ethanol and in ethyl ether. 

In the days of alchemy and the phlogiston theory, no system of nomenclature that would be considered logical ia the 1990s was possible. Names were not based on composition, but on historical association, eg, Glauber s salt for sodium sulfate decahydrate and Epsom salt for magnesium sulfate physical characteristics, eg, spirit of wiae for ethanol, oil of vitriol for sulfuric acid, butter of antimony for antimony trichloride, Hver of sulfur for potassium sulfide, and cream of tartar for potassium hydrogen tartrate or physiological behavior, eg, caustic soda for sodium hydroxide. Some of these common or trivial names persist, especially ia the nonchemical Hterature. Such names were a necessity at the time they were iatroduced because the concept of molecular stmcture had not been developed, and even elemental composition was incomplete or iadeterminate for many substances. 

A Methylamino)phenol. This derivative, also named 4-hydroxy-/V-methy1ani1ine (19), forms needles from benzene which are slightly soluble in ethanol andinsoluble in diethyl ether. Industrial synthesis involves decarboxylation of A/-(4-hydroxyphenyl)glycine [122-87-2] at elevated temperature in such solvents as chlorobenzene—cyclohexanone (184,185). It also can be prepared by the methylation of 4-aminophenol, or from methylamiae [74-89-5] by heating with 4-chlorophenol [106-48-9] and copper sulfate at 135°C in aqueous solution, or with hydroquinone [123-31 -9] 2l. 200—250°C in alcohoHc solution (186). 

Silver nitrate forms colorless, rhombic crystals. It is dimorphic and changes to the hexagonal rhombohedral form at 159.8°C. It melts at 212°C to a yellowish Hquid which solidifies to a white, crystalline mass on cooling. An alchemical name, lunar caustic, is stiU appHed to this fused salt. In the presence of a trace of nitric acid, silver nitrate is stable to 350°C. It decomposes at 440°C to metallic silver, nitrogen, and nitrogen oxides. Solutions of silver nitrate are usually acidic, having a pH of 3.6—4.6. Silver nitrate is soluble in ethanol and acetone. 

Table 2 gives physical property data for propylene chlorohydrins. 2-Chloro-l-propanol [78-89-7] HOCH2CHCICH2, is also named 2-propylene chlorohydrin, 2-chloropropyl alcohol, or 2-chloro-l-hydroxypropane. l-Chloro-2-propanol [127-00-4] CICH2CHOHCH2, also known as j -propjlene chlorohydrin, 1-chloroisopropyl alcohol, and l-chloro-2-hydroxypropane, is a colorless Hquid, miscible in water, ethanol, and ethyl ether. 

Federal name Common name Water Ethanol Glycerol Propylene glycol ... 

Ethanol and 2-propanol have also found use ia disinfecting clinical thermometers, and as preservatives to prevent microbial deterioration of cosmetics and mediciaals. They are sometimes combiaed with other disiafectants, namely formaldehyde (69), phenoHcs (70), chlorhexidine (71), hypochlorite (72), and phenols (70). 

Carmine [1390-65-4] is the trade name for the aluminum lake of the red anthraquinone dye carminic acid obtained from the cochineal bug. The dye is obtained from the powdery form of cochineal by extraction with hot water, the extracts treated with aluminum salts, and the dye precipitated from the solution by the addition of ethanol. This water-soluble bright red dye is used for coloring shrimp, pork sausages, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. It is the only animal-derived dye approved as a colorant for foods and other products. 

The most widely known aleohol is ethyl aleohol, simply beeause it is the aleohol in aleoholie drinks. It is also known as grain aleohol, or by its proper name, ethanol. Ethyl aleohol is a eolorless, volatile liquid with a eharaeteristie odor and a pungent taste. It has a flash point of 55°F, is classified as a depressant drug, and is toxic when ingested in large quantities. Its molecular formula is CjHjOH. In addition to its presence in alcoholic beverages, ethyl alcohol has many industrial and medical uses, such as a solvent in many manufacturing processes, as antifreeze, antiseptics, and cosmetics. 

If one replaces one of the two equivalents of P-dicarbonyl with urea, such that the reaction is now carried out with one equivalent of aldehyde 123, one equivalent of P-dicarbonyl 124 and an equivalent of urea 125 in acidic ethanol solution, then dihydropyrimidines 126 are formed. This class of reactions has been named Biginelli reactions and are reviewed in section 10.6... 

In the search for new fluorometric reagents for trace metal determinations, ferroin-type compounds, namely 2-(2-pyridyl)-2//- and 2-(3-isoquinolyl)-3//-imidazo[4,5-/i]quinolines, and their silver, lead, and zinc chelates were tested for luminiscence in aqueous ethanol solutions at various pH values (80TAL1021). 

B.Bg (0.15 mol) of 4-phenylbenzophenoneare dissolved in 200 ml of ethanol and 3 g (0.075 mol) of sodium borohydride are added. After heating for 15 hours under reflux, and allowing to cool, the reaction mixture is hydrolyzed with water containing a little hydrochloric acid. The solid thereby produced is purified by recrystallization from ethanol, 36 g (B9% of theory) of (biphenyl-4-yl)-phenyl-carbinol [alternatively named as diphenyl-phenyl carblnol or a-(biphenyl-4-yl)benzylalcohol] of melting point 72°-73°C are obtained. 

Chamicet Name 2-[(2-Methylpropyl)amino] ethanol 4-eminobenzoate Common Name Ibylcaine... 

Chemical Name 2-[2-[4-[2-methyl-3-(10H-phenothia2in-10-yl)propyl] - l-piperazinyl] ethoxy]-ethanol... 

Chemical Name 4-[3- [2-(trifluoromethyl)-9H-thioxanthen-9-ylidenel propyl] -1-piperazine-ethanol... 

Chemical Name 2-[[4-[(7-chloro-4-quinolinyl)amino] pentyl] ethylamino] ethanol sulfate Common Name —... 

Chemical Name 4-[3-(5H-Dibenz[b,f] azepin-5-yl)propyl] -1 -piperazine-ethanol Common Name —... 

Chemical Name 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-2-[ [(1 -methylethyDamino] methyl] -7-nitro-6-quino-linem ethanol... 

Therapeutic Function Antiamebic antiprotozoal Chemical Name 0 ,2-Dimethyl-5-nitro-1 H-imidazole-1-ethanol Common Name —... 

Chemical Name 1 -(3, 5 -Dihydroxyphenyi)-2-(t-butylamino)-ethanol Common Name —... 

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