Ethanol-gasoline blends

Low level blends of ethanol and and gasoline enjoyed some popularity in the United States in the 1970s. The interest persists into the 1990s, encouraged by the exemption of low level ethanol-gasoline blends from the Federal excise tax as well as from state excise taxes in many states. 

Capacity Limitations and Biofuels Markets. Large biofuels markets exist (130—133), eg, production of fermentation ethanol for use as a gasoline extender (see Alcohol fuels). Even with existing (1987) and planned additions to ethanol plant capacities, less than 10% of gasoline sales could be satisfied with ethanol—gasoline blends of 10 vol % ethanol the maximum volumetric displacement of gasoline possible is about 1%. The same condition apphes to methanol and alcohol derivatives, ie, methyl-/-butyl ether [1634-04-4] and ethyl-/-butyl ether. 

Technical Aspects of the Use of Ethanol-Gasoline Blends in Spark Ignition Engines... 

Certain minor driveability problems can occur when using ethanol-gasoline blends in engines which are set-up for optimum performance with gasoline. With gasohol, under certain conditions, driveability problems may include ... 

Several considerations in the use of gasohol or ethanol -gasoline blends will ensure wide-scale application and maximum benefits to the United States ... 

Resolve the fuel consumption and exhaust emission impacts of ethanol-gasoline blends. 

Bailey EM, Meagher JF. 1986. Modeling the effect of ethanol gasoline blend usage on ozone formation in urban areas. J Air Pollut Control Assoc 36 808- 812. 

Dried distillers grains (DDG), a co-product of the distillery industry is abundant in Minnesota. About 98% of the DDG in North America comes from com plants that produce ethanol for oxygenated fuels. The remaining 1-2% of DDG is produced by the alcohol beverage industry. Approximately 3.2 million metric tons of DDG are produced in North America annually. In recent years, some regions of the USA, especially the Midwest, have required more use of oxygenated fuels (e.g., ethanol-gasoline blends) to reduce air pollution... 

H denotes HBME-gasoline blends, E is ethanol-gasoline blends, and the next number stands for the volume ratio. For example, E5 means 5% (VY-1) HBME in gasoline. 

These results clearly show that HBME, when mixed with gasoline in ratios of 8.5—10 (v/v)%, could have a positive synergistic effort on gasoline combustion as revealed by fuel related properties shown below, and this explains why reduction on CH for HBME-gasoline blends was less serious compared with that of ethanol—gasoline blends. 

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