Dried distillers grains

DCL DDGS DEFC DICI DISI DME DMFC DOE DP DPF Direct coal liquefaction Distillers dried grains with solubles Direct ethanol fuel cell Direct-injection compression ignition Direct-injection spark ignition Dimethylether Direct methanol fuel cell Department of Energy (USA) Dynamic programming Diesel particulate filter... 

By-Products. After the removal of alcohol, the fermentation residues are processed to produce distillers grains. These residues consist of proteins, fats, minerals, vitamins, and fiber that are concentrated threefold by removal of the starch. Distillers grains are usually divided into one of four groups including distillers dry grains (DDG), distillers dry solubles (DDS), distillers dry grains with solubles (DDG/S), and condensed distillers solubles (CDS). 

Dong, F.M., Rasco, B.A., and Gazzaz, S.S. 1987. A protein quality assessment of wheat and com distillers dried grains with solubles. Cereal Chem. 64 327-332. 

Batal, A.B. and Dale, N.M. (2006) True metabolizable energy and amino acid digestibility of distillers dried grains with solubles. Journal of Applied Poultry Research 15,89-93. 

Cromwell, G.L., Herkelmad, K.L. and Stahly, T.S. (1993) Physical, chemical, and nutritional characteristics of distillers dried grains with solubles for chicks and pigs. Journal of Animal Science 71,679-686. 

Swiatkiewicz, S. and Koreleski, J. (2006) Effect of maize distillers dried grains with solubles and dietary enzyme supplementation on the performance of laying hens. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences 15, 253-260. 

Fig. 1. Schematic of corn dry grind process with fiber conversion to ethanol. DDGS, distillers dried grains with solubles.

In a conventional dry grind process, ground com is mixed with water to produce slurry. The slurry is cooked the slurry starch liquefied, saccharified and fermented to produce ethanol. The remaining nonfermentables (germ, fiber, and protein) are recovered at the end of the dry grind process as an animal food co-product, called distiller dried grains with solubles or DDGS. 

Srinivasan, R., Moreau, R. A., Rausch, K. D., Belyea, R. L., Tumbleson, M. E., and Singh, V. 2005. Separation of fiber from distillers dried grains with solubles (ddgs) using sieving and elutriation. Cereal Chem., 82, 528-533. 

The liquid left after distillation is subjected to centrifugation, where most of the suspended solids are separated. The clear liquid can be recycled by adding it back to the starch conversion stage. The moist cake released by the centrifuges is mixed with the syrup produced by the evaporator to form a homogenous mixture and is dewatered in dryers. The dryers produce a Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (DDGS) meal, which can be formed into pellets. These are used in many applications, most prominently in animal feed. 

Winkler-Moser, J.K. Vaughn, S.F. 2009. Antioxidant activity of phytochemicals from distillers dried grain oil. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 86 1073-1082. 

National Com-To Ethanol Research Center, 2005-2007, Utilizing the National Com-to-Ethanol Pilot Plant to Develop a Predictive Model for Distillers Dried Grain for the Fuel Ethanol and Animal Feed Industries. 

Distillers dried grains (DDGs) 65 10 Feed t e ring dryer... 

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