Menopause, hormone-replacement therapy estrogens

Estroprogestinic therapy (hormone replacement therapy) estrogen and progestin given to women to relieve menopause symptoms. 

Estrogens do not cause vitamin Bg deficiency. However, there is evidence that high doses of vitamin Bg may overcome some of the side effects of estrogenic steroids used in contraceptives and as menopausal hormone replacement therapy. At very high levels of intake, supplements may cause sensory nerve damage. 

Estrogens and progestins are diminished in menopausal or ovarectomized women. In hormone replacement therapy (HRT), these hormones are substituted to alleviate hot flushes, mood changes, sleep disorders, and osteoporosis. 

Estrogen enhances Candida adherence to vaginal epithelial cells and yeast-mycelial transformation this is supported by the fact that infection rates are lower before menarche and after menopause (except in women taking hormone replacement therapy), while rates are higher during pregnancy... 

HRT (hormone replacement therapy) administration of estrogens to women or androgens to men who, due to menopause or age, have decreased levels of these plasma steroids. 

Estrogen is uricosuric and that is most probably the reason why premenopausal women do not have primary gout. Estrogen hormone replacement therapy in post-menopausal women lowered serum uric acid (SUA). Consequently, the prevalence of primary gout in these subjects is similar to what is seen in pre-menopausal women. 

Uniabeled Uses Hormone replacement therapy in estrogen-treated menopausal women... 

Referred to now as hormone treatment rather than hormone replacement therapy, use of estrogens is still prescribed for symptoms of menopause—though much less routinely than in the past. Recommendations... 

In untreated women, the main risk factors for endometrial carcinoma are age, obesity, nulliparity, late menopause (and possibly early menarche), the Stein-Leventhal syndrome, exposure to exogenous estrogens, radiation, and certain systemic diseases, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypothyroidism, and arthritis (SED-14, 1451) (88). Certain of these risk factors indicate that an altered endocrine state with increased estrogen stimulation is a predisposing cause, and one might thus in theory expect estrogen treatment (and notably hormonal replacement therapy) to increase the risk (SEDA-22, 466). 

Tibolone is an agonist at estrogen and progestogen receptors, with weak androgenic activity. It is given as an alternative to hormone replacement therapy, without added progestogen, and has been in use for some 30 years to treat bone loss in post-menopausal women. Some long-term studies (for example over 10 years) appear to have confirmed its safety and relative freedom from adverse effects (1). In particular there is little or no increase in thrombotic events and the incidence of breast tenderness is low. 

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