Estrogen therapy topical

Jewelewicz R. New developments in topical estrogen therapy. Fertil Steril 1997 67(1) 1—12. 

Percutaneous preparations (gels, creams, and emulsions) are convenient, but variability in drug absorption is common. This form of estrogen is used for systemic therapy. Topical emulsion and gel formulations were approved for use recently in the United States. 

Well-designed studies of local, topical, and intradermal forms of estrogen as a means of attaining a general systemic effect have tended to show that when doses are therapeutically equivalent to those used orally the adverse effects are similar (219). However, this is a complex issue, which is discussed more extensively in connection with hormone replacement therapy. 

Duloxetine (when approved for treatment of urinary in- continence), a-adrenergic receptor agonists, and topical (vaginal) estrogens (alone or together) are the therapies of choice in urethral underactivity (stress incontinence). 

The search for phytoestrogens to use as a natural source of estrogen for hormone replacement therapy has been ongoing for many years. The interest in this topic is based... 

Becker LE, Bergstresser PR, Whiting DA, et al. (1981) Topical clindamycin therapy for acne vulgaris. A cooperative clinical study. Arch Dermatol 117 482-485 Bennett C (1980) Dimethyl sulfoxide. JAMA 244 2768 Bertaggia A (1968) A case of pseudo-precocious puberty in a girl following the use of an estrogen preparation on the skin. Pediatria (Napoli) 76 579-585... 

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