Essential oils active ingredient

Some hquid defoamers are preemulsified relatives of paste defoamers. In addition to the fatty components mentioned above, kerosene [8008-20-6] or an organic cosolvent such as 2-propanol have been used to enhance stabiUty of the oil—water emulsion and the solubiUty of the defoamer s active ingredients. These cosolvents are used less frequently as concerns increase about volatile organic emissions (VOCs) from the paper machine. Additionally, the use of ultrapure mineral oil in defoamers has become commonplace. Concern about the creation of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF) in the pulping process has led to the discovery of unchlorinated precursor molecules, especially in recycled mineral oil and other organic cosolvents used in defoamer formulations (28). In 1995 the mineral oil that is used is essentially free of dibenzodioxin and dibenzofuran. In addition, owing to both the concern about these oils and the fluctuating cost of raw materials, the trend in paper machine defoamers is toward water-based defoamers (29). 

In a phenol, a hydroxyl group is attached directly to an aromatic ring. The parent compound, phenol itself, Cr,HsOH (4), is a white, crystalline, molecular solid. It was once obtained from the distillation of coal tar, but now it is mainly synthesized from benzene. Many substituted phenols occur naturally, some being responsible for the fragrances of plants. They are often components of essential oils, the oils that can be distilled from flowers and leaves. Thymol (5), for instance, is the active ingredient of oil of thyme, and eugenol (6) provides most of the scent and flavor of oil of cloves. 

This step is essential in the manufacture of detergent active ingredients as it converts the sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters (products produced by processes I-M) into neutral surfactants. It is a potential source of some oil and grease, but occasional leaks and spills around the pump and valves are the only expected source of wastewater contamination. A process flow diagram is shown in Figure 14. 

The active ingredients for hypericum include cyclopseudohypericin, hypericin, hyperforin, isohypericin, protohypericin, and pseudohypericin. Other active ingredients include the following flavonoids hyperin, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, kaempferol, luteolin, quercetin, quercitrin, rutin, and the following biflavonoids amentoflavone and 13,118-biapigenin. Although the flavonoids, the essential oils, and the phenolic acids are common plant constituents, the hypericins,... 

Azadirachtin, which is a tetranortriterpenoid, is an active ingredient of neem Azadirachta indica) seed oil. The structure of azadirachtin is as follows. It controls 200 species of insects, including locusts, gypsy moths, cockroaches, and fall army worms. It has an oral LD50in rats of >5000 mg/kg, making it essentially nontoxic to mammals. 

Active ingredients Roots are rich source (6-16%) of furanocoumarins (8-geranoxypsoralen, imperatorin, heraclenin, heraclenol) (Handa and Rao, 1970), sphondin, bergapten, candicanin, candicopimaric acid and xanthotoxol). These can be converted by a chemical process into xanthotoxin (1.5%). Roots are a major source of xanthotoxin after the seeds of Ammi majus. Roots also provide about 0.1% essential oil. 

The carrier material may also protect the active ingredient against external influences. Flavourings which tend to oxidize, e.g. citrus oils, require encapsulation in order to prevent contact with atmospheric oxygen. These encapsulated citrus flavourings, mainly consisting of essential oils, may be stabilised further by removing the residual... 

Plant preparations Comminuted or powdered plant material, extracts, tinctures, fatty or essential oils, resins, gums, balsams, expressed juices, and so on, prepared from plant material, and preparations whose production involves a fractionation, purification or concentration process, but excluding chemically defined isolated constituents. A plant preparation can be regarded as the active ingredient whether or not the constituents having therapeutic activities are known. 

Barel, A. O. Clarys, P. Manou, 1. Objective evaluation of the cosmetic use of some selected essential oils as "active ingredients" in skin care products, in In-Cosmet. 1997. 1997 Verlag fuer Chemische Industrie H. Ziolkowsky, Augsburg, Germany., pp 109-121. 

Many plants, used as spices or flavor ingredients, are preserved by drying and are ideal matrices for SFE. Once ground to a powder, they have a large surface area and are highly permeable, leading to rapid and efficient extractions. Interest in SFE of plants has principally been for the isolation of essential oils, but recently SFE has also been used to obtain pharmaceutically active compounds. The extraction of the sesquiterpene lactone parthenolide (Fig. 5) from feverfew plants has been described by Smith (30) and Smith and Burford (31). SFE was compared with steam distillation and solvent extraction. While SFE extracted the less-volatile lactones and parthenolide, the steam distillation extracted the volatile terpenes. SFE resulted in incomplete extraction compared... 

Cerex. [AuschemSpA] Edioxylated oils or esters sdubili for active ingredients, essential dls, vitamins emd er for cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. 

A series of case reports and an associated in vitro study suggested that lavender essential oil has estrogenic activity and that lavender as an ingredient in personal care products (i.e., shampoo, styling gel, and soap) was the cause of... 

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