Erythrocytes selenium

Roberts, J. and Shaw, C.F. Ill (1998) Inhibition of erythrocyte selenium-glutathione peroxidase by auranofin analogs and metabolites. Biochemical Pharmacology, 55, 1291-1299. 

In macaques that were orally administered doses of 0.025-0.3 mg selenium/kg as L-selenomethionine for up to 30 days, both erythrocyte selenium and glutathione peroxidase-specific activity showed a delay before increasing in a dose-related manner (Hawkes et al. 1992). At 0.15 and 0.3 mg selenium/kg, glutathione peroxidase-specific activity in erythrocytes continued to increase for 15 days after cessation of treatment and remained elevated through the end of the study (40 days after the end of treatment). The investigators attributed this effect to an initial deposition of selenium into a nonspecific pool (such as substitution for methionine in serum proteins), followed by slow release into the erythrocyte. Wistar rats also show incorporation of selenomethionine into proteins (Behne et al. 1991). 

Meyer F, Vereault R. 1987. Erythrocyte selenium and breast cancer risk. Am J Epidemiol 125 376-383. 

Rea HM, Thomson CD, Campbell DR, et al. 1979. Relation between erythrocyte selenium concentrations and glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) activities of New Zealand residents and visitors to New Zealand. Br J Nutr 42 201-208. 

Pregnant long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) given L-selenomethionine for 30 days at doses of 25.0,150.0, or 300.0 (xg Se/kg body weight daily showed dose-dependent increases in erythrocyte and plasma selenium, glutathione peroxidase activities, hair and fecal selenium, and urinary selenium excretion. Adverse effects, including body weight loss, were associated with daily doses of 150.0 and 300.0 xg Se/kg BW and with concentrations of erythrocyte selenium >2.3mg/L,... 

Figure 20-3. Role of the pentose phosphate pathway in the glutathione peroxidase reaction of erythrocytes. (G-S-S-G, oxidized glutathione G-SH, reduced glutathione Se, selenium cofactor.)...

P9. Perona, G., Guidi, G. C., Piga, A., Cellerino, R., Milani, G., Colautti, P., Moschini, G., and Stievano, B. M Neonatal erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase deficiency as a consequence of selenium imbalance during pregnancy. Br. J. Haematol. 42,567-574 (1979). 

Heavy metals stimulate or inhibit a wide variety of enzyme systems (16, 71, 72), sometimes for protracted periods (71, 73). These effects may be so sensitive as to precede overt toxicity as in the case of lead-induced inhibition of 8 ALA dehydrase activity with consequential interference of heme and porphyrin synthesis (15, 16). Urinary excretion of 8 ALA is also a sensitive indicator of lead absorption (74). Another erythrocytic enzyme, glucose-6-phosphatase, when present in abnormally low amounts, may increase susceptibility to lead intoxication (75), and for this reason, screens to detect such affected persons in lead-related injuries have been suggested (76). Biochemical bases for trace element toxicity have been described for the heavy metals (16), selenium (77), fluoride (78), and cobalt (79). Heavy metal metabolic injury, in addition to producing primary toxicity, can adversely alter drug detoxification mechanisms (80, 81), with possible secondary consequences for that portion of the population on medication. 

Swanson AB, Wagner PA, Ganther HE, et al. 1974. Antagonistic effects of silver and tri-o-cresyl phosphate on selenium and glutathione peroxidase in rat liver and erythrocytes [Abstract], Fed Proc... 

Beilstein, M.A. and Whanger, P.D. 1986. Deposition of dietary organic and inorganic selenium in rat erythrocyte proteins. J. Nutr. 116, 1701-1710. 

Brown, K.M., Pickard, K., Nicol, F., Beckett, G.J., Duthie, G.G., and Arthur, J.R. 2000. Effects of organic and inorganic selenium supplementation on selenoenzyme activity in blood lymphocytes, granulocytes, platelets and erythrocytes. Clin. Sci. 98, 593-599. 

In a case-control study in 106 heroin-dependent individuals undergoing an opioid detoxification program (n = 19) or a methadone maintenance treatment program (n = 87) there were large significant differences in the mean values of some vitamins and minerals between the heroin-dependent individuals and the healthy, non-dependent controls (37). Dependent individuals had higher white cell counts and transaminases and lower erythrocyte counts and cholesterol, albumin, tocopherol, folic acid, sodium, selenium, and copper concentrations. 

There is also increased erythrocyte hemolysis, which responds to synthetic antioxidants or selenium. The sensitivity of erythrocytes to chemically induced hemolysis can be used both as a biological assay of vitamin E in... 

In a report dating from 1987, low selenium concentrations were found in four children receiving long-term parenteral nutrition. There was erythrocyte macrocytosis (n — 3), loss of pigmentation of hair and skin (n = 2), raised transaminase and creatine kinase activities (n — 2), and profound muscle weakness n = 1). Intravenous supplementation with selenium for 3-12 months resulted in progressive improvement in all these (70). 

In 15 patients who had a serious adverse reaction to valproate (including behavioral changes and emesis in six, raised aspartate transaminase in three, raised aspartate transaminase and pancreatitis in one, thombocytopenia in two, and unexpected death in two), erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity and plasma selenium and zinc concentrations were significantly reduced, whereas erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity was significantly raised... 

Gold sol, selenium sol, silver sol Bacteriophage, erythrocyte, latex bead, liposome, quantum dot Up-converting lanthanide- .. 

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