Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay comparative

Butler, J. E., McGivern, P. L., Conterero, L. A. and Peterson, L. 1980. Application of the amplified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Comparative quantitation of bovine serum IgGi, IgG2, IgA, and IgM antibodies. Am. J. Vet. Res. 41, 1479-1491. 

Thurman, E.M., M. Meyer, M. Pomes, C. Perry, and A.P. Schwab (1990). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay compared with gas chro-matography/mass spectrometry for the determination of triazine herbicides in water. Anal. Chem., 62 2043-2048. 

Muldoon et al. developed a monoclonal-based competitive inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for sulfadimethoxine. The group compared... 

The use of independent methods, other than IFIC, for quantitative demonstration of proteins is particularly important. Both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot may be employed to confirm the amount of protein in a cell/tissue model, and in the protein-embedding bar code model under both comparable fresh and FFPE samples for accurate... 

The successful of recovery of RNase A functional activity by a heat-induced AR method suggested the possibility of recovering RNase A immunoreactivity as well. The immunoreactivity of native RNase A and RNase A that was incubated at a concentration of 4 mg/mL in 10% neutral buffered formalin for 1 day and then freed of formaldehyde by dialysis against PBS was compared using capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Selected fractions that... 

In order to compare the specific activity of plant-derived C5-1 to that of the hybridoma-derived antibody, the antigen-binding capacity of antibodies produced in each system was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). As shown in Table 1.2, antibodies from both sources demonstrated similar binding characteristics against human IgGs [8]. Furthermore, the stability of alfalfa-derived C5-1 in the blood stream of Balb/c mice was comparable to that of the hybridoma-derived IgG [8]. 

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is comparable to the immuno-radiometric assay except that an enzyme tag is attached to the antibody instead of a radioactive label. ELISAs have the advantage of nonradioactive materials and produce an end product that can be assessed with a spectrophotometer. The molecule of interest is bound to the enzyme-labeled antibody, and the excess antibody is removed for immunoradiometric assays. After excess antibody has been removed or the second antibody containing the enzyme has been added (two-site assay), the substrate and cofactors necessary are added in order to visualize and record enzyme activity. The level of molecule of interest present is directly related to the level of enzymatic activity. The sensitivity of the ELISAs can be enhanced by increasing the incubation time for producing substrate. 

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is a heterogenous immunoassay. Reactions involve a solid phase to which components are sequentially presented and successively bound. This method is very effective in the determination of the total alkaloid content. The positive characteristics of this method are the use of non-toxic reagents and basic equipment with low costs, a small sample volume and the ability to measure alkaloids in crude sample extracts. According to the literature, compared with results obtained from GLC, the precision of ELISA for quinolizidine alkaloids is not as high as that of the gas chromatography procedure, but is adequate for plant breeding purposes. The use of enzymes in developing the methods of quinolizidine alkaloids analysis looks likely to increase in the future. 

Ishikawa, M., Nagashima, Y., and Shiomi, K. (1999). Immunological comparison of shellfish allergens by comparative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Fish. Sci. 65, 592-595. 

The use of europium chelates, with their unusually long fluorescence decay times, as labels for proteins and antibodies has provided techniques that are referred to as time-resolved fluoroimmunoassays (TRFIA). Fluorophores as labels for biomolecules will be the topic of Sect. 3. Nevertheless, TRFIAs always have to compete with ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays) techniques, which are characterized by their great versatility and sensitivity through an enzyme-driven signal amplification. Numerous studies have been published over the past two decades which compare both analytical methods, e.g., with respect to the detection of influenza viruses or HIV-1 specific IgA antibodies [117,118]. Lanthanide luminescence detection is another new development, and Tb(III) complexes have been applied, for instance, as indicators for peroxidase-catalyzed dimerization products in ELISAs [119]. 

Eig. 5. Several endpoint detection methods were compared for the detection of immuno-polymerase chain reaction (IPCR) amplificate from a direct IPCR (Fig. 3A) of mouse-IgG. Although all IPCR/DNA-detection combinations were able to improve the detection limit of a comparable enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) of approximately 10 amol IgG in a 30-fL sample volume, several differences were observed in actual detection limit, and the linearity of the concentration/signal ratio dependent on the DNA quantification was applied. Best results were obtained for PCR-ELISA (see also Fig. 6) in combination with fluorescence- or chemiluminescence-generating substrates (b, c). With photometric substrates (d) or gel electrophoresis and subsequent spot densitometry (a), a 10-fold decrease in sensitivity was observed. In addition to the more sigmoid curve in gel electrophoresis, an enhanced overall error of 20% compared to 13% in PCR-ELISA was observed for two independent assays. The simple addition of a double-strand sensitive intercalation marker to the PCR-amplificate and measurement in a fluorescence spectrometer further decreased sensitivity (e) and appears therefore to be unsuited for IPCR amplificate quantification. (Figure modified according to references 37 and 65.)... 

Farre, M., M. Kuster, R. Brix, et al. 2007. Comparative study of an estradiol enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry for part-per-trillion analysis of estrogens in water samples. J. Chromatogr. A 1160 166-175. 

The enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a rapid Immunochemical procedure which can be used for trace analysis. We have applied the procedure to paraquat and other compounds difficult to analyze by the more classical methods. The Immunoassay for paraquat shows the practicality of the method for fortified and actual residue samples, and Is being compared with a gas chromatography procedure. Our work with the ELISA Illustrates that the Immunochemical technology can be used to solve problems encountered In pesticide residue analysis. 

A partially purified Bacillus thurlnglensis var. israelensls (Bti) 6-endotoxin was used to Immunize rabbits. The antisera obtained have an improved specificity towards the mosquito larvacidal activity of the toxin, as opposed to antiserum raised when the whole crystal was used as immunogen. Using a two step/indirect ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) procedure developed in our laboratory, fourteen experimental formulations were tested, and the results were compared with bioassays. An average of 69.1 international units 20% c.v. was found to associate with each ug of toxin detected by the ELISA. Our data indicate that when toxin specific antisera are available, Immunoassays can be used to predict the biological activity of Bti samples with reasonable accuracy. 

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) are by far the most common immunological assay used in biochemical and clinico-chemical laboratories (Crowther 1995). The method is just as specific as RIA and it can achieve comparable sensitivities under optimal conditions. It can be carried out in various ways, but the common feature is that detection relies on turnover of a chromogenic substrate by an... 

High sensitivity. Detecdon limits are in the range of 0.05-5 pmol/mol of unmodified parent base. This compares well to the sensidvides of commonly used methods, such as high pressure liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (6,7), radiochromatographic analysis (8), radioimmunoassays, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (9,10). 

An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for maduramicin in poultry feed. The assay utilized polyclonal anti-maduramicin antibody raised in rabbits, maduramicin monoamide with 1,6-hexane diamine-conjugated ovalbumin as the coating antigen, horseradish peroxidase conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG and 2,2 azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline) sulfonic acid (ABTS) for quantitation. Standard curves ranging from 0 to 80 ng/mL maduramicin were constructed. The assay did not cross-react with monensin, lasalocid, salinomycin, lincomycin, narasin, chlortetracycline or roxarsone. Broiler feed fortified at 4 to 7 ppm maduramicin were shown to be quantifiable by ELISA at an average recovery of 98.1%. This ELISA method for maduramicin in poultry feed is comparable to the established HPLC-F method. 

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