Environmental screening

The work presented is part of a European project (Biosensors for Effective Environmental Protection BEEP) which is aimed at the assembly and application of Photosystem II (PS II)-based biosensors for large scale environmental screening of specific herbicides and heavy metals. 

Wise, M. B. Guerin, M. R. Direct sampling MS for environmental screening. Anal. 

Actually, special attention is paid in the application of biosensors in environmental analysis. The high cost and slow turnaround times typically associated with the measurement of regulated pollutants clearly indicates a need for environmental screening and monitoring methods that are fast, portable and cost-effective. To meet this need, a variety of field analytical methods have been introduced. Because of their unique characteristics, however, technologies such as DNA sensors and immunosensors based on AuNPs might be exploited to fill specific niche applications in the environmental monitoring area. 

Environment Canada (2004) Environmental Screening Assessment Report on Per-fluorooctane Sulfonate, its Salts and its Precursors that Contain the C8F17S02 or C8F17S03 Moiety (Draft for Public Comments)... 

U.S. Army. 1999a. Derivation of Health-Based Environmental Screening Levels for Chemical Warfare Agents A Technical Evaluation. Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md. U.S. Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine. 

Nucleic Acid Protein Cdtalysis Environmental Screen Screen Compatibility... 

Shinn JH, Martins SA, Cederwall PL, et al. 1985. Smokes and obscurants a health and environmental effects data base assessment. A first-order, environmental screening and ranking of Army smokes and obscurants. Phase I Report. Lawrence Livermore National Library, Livermore, CA ADA175956. 

The second term in each summation is CO converted to C02 in the pollution control device the third is due to unconverted feedstock. These screening calculations verify that the n-butane route emits approximately Vi the C02 compared to the benzene pathway. Based on the economic and environmental screening, the benzene route would be excluded from further consideration. More detailed calculations based on optimized flowsheets confirm these screening calculations are accurate.72... 

Health Based Environmental Screening Levels (HBESLs). These HBESLs are endorsed by military policy as criteria to assess potentially contaminated soils (Table 6.6) (USACHPPM, 1999 OASA, 1999 Watson and Dohslager, 2007). 

Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army (OASA) (1999). Derivation of Flealth-Based Environmental Screening Levels (FIBESL) for Chemical Warfare Agents. Memorandum signed by Raymond J. Fatz, Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Army, May 28, 1999. Department of the Army, Office of the Assistant Secretary (Environment, Safety, and Occupational Health), Army Pentagon, Washington, DC. 

Watson, A.P., Dolislager, F.G. (2007). Reevaluation of 1999 Health-Based Environmental Screening Levels (HBESLs) for Chemical Warfare Agents. ORNL/TM-2007/080. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6283 (May 2007). 

Enzyme-based applications for environmental screening or monitoring demand tailored biocatalysts performing catalysis in non-natural substrates and/or in non-usual or hostile media. Moreover, the increased complexity of contaminated environmental sites also demands efiicient biodegradation of xenobiotic compounds through new and multiple engineered pathways where the tailored biocatalysts should perform in their host microbial cells [434]. 

Multianalyte detection is becoming the crucial issue for biosensing development. Many areas demand a multianalyte operation environmental screening, with thousands of samples per year to be analysed, genomics and proteomics, pharmaceutical screening, etc. Direct optical detection with evanescent wave sensors could be a possibility but a parallel detection of as many sites as possible is necessary [98]. 

Domini Social Investments Social and Environmental Screens,... 

There is no doubt that the speed of analysis and relative operational simplicity of these new screening tests offer many advantages to both FDA, drug manufacturers, clinicians, animal growers and ultimately to the consumer. In addition, third world nations could also benefit from the availability of drug and environmental screening tests for use in a first line screen of contaminants of public health concern. 

Fedra, K., Winkelbauer, L., and Fantulu, V.R., Expert Systems for Environmental Screening, An Application in the Lower Mekong Basin, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria, 1991. 

While the use of immunoassay for residue analysis should continue to expand, it is not the answer to all problems in environmental analysis. Immunochemical technology should serve best as a complement to existing methods rather than a replacement for them. It is especially important to recognize the potential of immunoassay for impact in environmental screening through the developments which will be discussed later in this chapter. It is in this area that we expect immunochemical technology to make its greatest contribution to environmental analysis. 

Other than for MPA (see discussion under VX), no guidelines for environmental cleanup of degradation products are available. The estimated oral RfD for GD is 0.004 qg/kg/day (Opresko et al., 1998,2001). Health-based environmental screening levels forGD for residential... 

Although the most comprehensive method for estimating mobility is to conduct transport experiments under natural conditions, this procedure is clearly not feasible to carry out on the large number of existing chemicals and new chemicals introduced each year. For this reason, pesticide transport or environmental screening models have been developed to aid in pesticide mobility classification. 

Accuracy and precision - in respect to LASMA s implementation in environmental screening and monitoring of heavy metal contamination, the requirement for measurement precision is not decisive. The accuracy depends on the quality of the reference material. Two approaches are possible - to use commercial reference samples (Atomic standard solutions of metals and powder standards) or to prepare sets of reference samples with elemental compositions, not available on the market. Another possibility is to use the chemical matrix of clearly defined soil types [Zimmermann, 1989],... 

Pedersen-Bjergaard, St, Semb, S. I., Vedde, J., Brevik, E. M., and Greibrokk, T., Environmental screening by capillary gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry and atomic emission spectroscopy, Chemosphere, 32, 1103-1115, 1996. 

Biosensors certainly have the potential to become useful environmental screening tools but a great deal of research has to be done to improve long time stability, reliability, and ease of application. 

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