Environmental cleanup

See papers presented at the ACS Symposium on Production and Use of Carbon-Based Materials for Environmental Cleanup (New Orleans, LA, USA, March 1996), published in ACS Preprints (Fuel Chemistry Division), 1996, 4 ( ) and Energy Fuels, 1997, 11(2). 

Pilon-Smits, E. and Freeman, J.L., Environmental cleanup using plants Biotechnological advances and ecological considerations, Frontiers in Ecology and Environment, 4 (4), 203-210, 2006. 

The existence of waste from past activities has created problems that will demand the attention of chemists and chemical engineers. Environmental cleanup —of toxic wastes, of contaminated groundwater, of radioactive waste—is a daunt-... 

Generally, the properties of petroleum constituents varying over the boiling range 0 to >565°C (32 to 1050°F). Variations in density also occur over the range 0.6 to 1.3, and pour points can vary from <0 to >100°C. Although these properties may seem to be of lower consequence in the grand scheme of environmental cleanup, they are important insofar as these properties influence (1) the evaporation rate, (2) the abihty of the petroleum constituents or petroleum product to float on water, and (3) the fluidity or mobility of the petroleum or petroleum product at various temperatures. 

The vendor for this technology is no longer in the environmental cleanup business. However, this technology is available from a number of vendors, and a summary of the technology in general is available in T0407, In Situ Steam Extraction—General. 

Separation of metal ions based on solvent extraction is widely used in hydrometallurgy, environmental cleanup, and advanced fuel cycles. The focus of this chapter will be on the use of ionic liquids (ILs) as advanced and... 

Knowledge of fission and its consequences is important for the nuclear power industry and the related fields of nuclear waste management and environmental cleanup. From the point of view of basic research, fission is interesting in its own right as a large-scale collective motion of the nucleus, as an important exit channel for many nuclear reactions, and as a source of neutron-rich nuclei for nuclear structure studies and use as radioactive beams. 

Lin, Y., Smart, N. G. (2003) Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Actinides and Heavy Metals for Environmental Cleanup A Process Development Perspective, in Gopalan, A.S., Wai, C.M., Jacobs, H.K. (eds.), Supercritical Carbon Dioxide, Washington, pp 23-35. 

To explain the concept of decision rule, we will use an example of a scenario often encountered at sites that undergo environmental cleanup. We will return to this example in the following chapters to illustrate other concepts used in the DQO process. 

The photoactivation of Ti02 has received considerable attention from scientists and engineers during the last years. This has produced some outstanding developments, such as [86] the application of Ti02 for the creation of solar cells, as a means for environmental cleanup, and its antimicrobial applications. 

Communities across the United States are striving to reclaim and redevelop brownfields properties. Flowever, because of the costs and legal burdens associated with environmental cleanup, owners often abandon their brownfields properties. 

The costs of cleaning up hazardous waste, petroleum, and other contamination can be significant. Superfund sites commonly cost more than 30 million to remediate. The State of New York estimates that it would cost approximately 15— 20 million to excavate and dispose of wastes at a small industrial landfill, or approximately 3 million for the lower-cost alternative of capping [New York Department of Environmental Conservation (NYDEC) 2007]. Although costs are highly variable, it is clear that environmental cleanup is very expensive, and that like site assessments, cleanup will not happen without significant financial support. 

Novel separations procedures for anions have been developed at IBC with support from the National Institute of Standards and Technology through their Advanced Technology Program. This research has resulted in commercial or near commercial analytical procedures for anions such as RhClg , TCO4, F , and Au(CN)J. Removal of F is important for environmental cleanup in several industries. 

Fi. ed-bed react.us ar.- . ominonly employed by the peirochemicals industries to -> n-plish a broad spectruni of reactions, including steps to clean up air streams prior to exhausting them into the atmosphere. For example, fixed-bed reactors arc used to pr. icess air. streams containing NOj by reaction with N llj over solid catalysts to give N2 and H2O. An interesting application of fixed-bed reactors for environmental cleanup is from workers... 

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